Department of Psychology, University of Mary Washington, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, VA 22401-5300, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Jan;37(1):55-68. doi: 10.1177/0146167210386119. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
Sexualization of girls and women in America is rampant and has many negative consequences. Women, however, often report enjoying being sexually admired by men. Given this paradox, it is unclear whether such enjoyment represents an authentic empowerment of women's sexuality or is related to traditional feminine norms and sexist beliefs. In Studies 1 and 2, the authors developed and tested the eight-item Enjoyment of Sexualization Scale (ESS). It had good reliability and was differentiated from related constructs including body surveillance, body shame, self-sexualizing behaviors, and appearance-contingent self-esteem. In Study 3, endorsement of traditional gender norms, endorsement of benevolent sexism, and endorsement of hostile sexism were all positively related to the ESS. Moreover, women who both enjoyed sexualization and engaged in self-objectification reported more negative eating attitudes. Overall, there was little support for positive effects of enjoying sexualization. The extent to which enjoying sexualization actually empowers women or contributes to their oppression is discussed.
美国女孩和妇女的性化现象猖獗,带来了许多负面影响。然而,女性常常报告说她们喜欢被男性性地欣赏。鉴于这种矛盾,尚不清楚这种享受是否代表了女性性行为的真正赋权,还是与传统的女性规范和性别歧视观念有关。在研究 1 和研究 2 中,作者开发并测试了八项“性化享受量表”(ESS)。它具有良好的可靠性,并与相关结构区分开来,包括身体监控、身体羞耻、自我性化行为和与外表相关的自尊。在研究 3 中,传统性别规范的认可、仁慈性别歧视的认可和敌意性别歧视的认同比对 ESS 都呈正相关。此外,既享受性化又进行自我客体化的女性报告了更多的负面饮食态度。总的来说,对享受性化的积极影响几乎没有支持。本文讨论了享受性化实际上赋予女性权力还是导致她们受压迫的程度。
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