School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 25;15(7):1596. doi: 10.3390/nu15071596.
Snacks are a staple of the American diet, contributing to approximately 20% of energy intake. Most U.S. adults consume one to three snacks/day, yet few reviews have focused on snacking among this population. This scoping review was conducted to characterize snacks and snacking occasions among U.S. adults to further inform healthy eating practices. The protocol was prepared following the PRISMA-Extension for Scoping Reviews. Three web databases were used to identify articles using snacking or eating occasions as primary or secondary outcomes among U.S. adults. A search strategy was developed using subject headings, truncation, and phrase searching in the title and abstract of articles published between 2010 and 2022. A two-stage, multi-step screening process identified 31 of 4795 publications as meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings included identification of snacking themes, e.g., cues and motivations; diet composition; and weight management. Food quality, time of consumption, and convenience emerged as characteristics of snacking; time of day was found to influence food choice. Snacks contribute to or detract from a healthy diet. Strategic selection of healthy snack options can improve diet quality. Applied to nutrition education, this information can help strengthen programs or policies, ultimately contributing to health and wellbeing.
零食是美国人饮食的主要组成部分，约占能量摄入的 20%。大多数美国成年人每天食用一到三份零食，但很少有评论关注这一人群的零食情况。本范围综述旨在描述美国成年人的零食和零食情况，以便进一步为健康饮食实践提供信息。该方案是按照 PRISMA-Extension 范围综述准备的。使用三个网络数据库，根据零食或就餐次数作为美国成年人的主要或次要结果，对文章进行了检索。在 2010 年至 2022 年期间发表的文章的标题和摘要中，使用主题词、截词和短语搜索开发了一个搜索策略。经过两阶段、多步骤的筛选过程，从 4795 篇出版物中确定了 31 篇符合纳入标准的文章。研究结果包括确定了零食主题，例如线索和动机；饮食组成；和体重管理。食物质量、消费时间和便利性是零食的特点；发现一天中的时间会影响食物选择。零食会影响健康饮食。选择健康的零食可以改善饮食质量。将这些信息应用于营养教育，可以帮助加强项目或政策，最终有助于健康和福祉。
