Park Junhee, Yeo Yohwan, Yoo Jun Hyun
Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
Korean J Fam Med. 2022 Sep;43(5):319-326. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0149. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
Previous studies have shown a close relationship between skipping breakfast and nutritional deficiency. However, the impact of regular eating, including lunch and dinner, has not been studied well. We explored the correlation between regularity and frequency of daily meals and nutritional status.
We analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2016 and 2018. A total of 7,725 adults aged 19-49 years were classified into four groups according to the regularity of meal intake: three-meal regular diet (3MRD), two-meal regular diet, one-meal regular diet, and irregular diet (IRD). Food and nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method and estimated by a generalized linear model in complex sample weight variables.
In IRD, there were relatively more females who were not married, lived alone, or reported low levels of education. As subjects ate more meals, more people felt thinner and healthier by themselves. Dietary intake of cereal, vegetables, seaweed, and fiber was directly proportional to the number of regular meals as well as essential components such as water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and micronutrients. Contrarily, alcohol and beverage consumption was inversely proportional to the number of regular meals. Intake level of legumes, fish, fruits, seasonings, milk, oils, sugars, and cholesterol was consistent regardless of meal frequency.
Our findings suggest that 3MRD showed nutrient adequacy and a healthier profile on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride.
先前的研究表明不吃早餐与营养缺乏之间存在密切关系。然而，包括午餐和晚餐在内的规律饮食的影响尚未得到充分研究。我们探讨了每日饮食规律与频率和营养状况之间的相关性。
我们分析了2016年至2018年的韩国国民健康与营养检查调查。根据进餐规律，将7725名19至49岁的成年人分为四组：一日三餐规律饮食（3MRD）、一日两餐规律饮食、一日一餐规律饮食和不规律饮食（IRD）。使用24小时回忆法评估食物和营养摄入量，并通过复杂样本权重变量中的广义线性模型进行估计。
在IRD组中，未婚、独居或教育程度较低的女性相对较多。随着受试者进餐次数增加，更多人自我感觉更瘦、更健康。谷物、蔬菜、海藻和纤维的饮食摄入量与规律进餐次数以及水、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和微量营养素等必需成分成正比。相反，酒精和饮料的消费量与规律进餐次数成反比。豆类、鱼类、水果、调味料、牛奶、油类、糖和胆固醇的摄入量水平与进餐频率无关，保持一致。
我们的研究结果表明，一日三餐规律饮食在体重、体重指数、腰围、血压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯方面显示出营养充足和更健康的状况。
