Dulbecco Telethon Institute at Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010 Dec;12(6):433-9. doi: 10.1007/s11906-010-0157-8.
Mitochondria form a dynamic network that rapidly adapts to cellular energy demand. This adaptation is particularly important in skeletal muscle because of its high metabolic rate. Indeed, muscle energy level is one of the cellular checkpoints that lead either to sustained protein synthesis and growth or protein breakdown and atrophy. Mitochondrial function is affected by changes in shape, number, and localization. The dynamics that control the mitochondrial network, such as biogenesis and fusion, or fragmentation and fission, ultimately affect the signaling pathways that regulate muscle mass. Regular exercise and healthy muscles are important players in the metabolic control of human body. Indeed, a sedentary lifestyle is detrimental for muscle function and is one of the major causes of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. This article reviews the rapid progress made in the past few years regarding the role of mitochondria in the control of proteolytic systems and in the loss of muscle mass and function.
线粒体形成一个动态网络，能够迅速适应细胞的能量需求。这种适应性在骨骼肌中尤为重要，因为骨骼肌的代谢率很高。事实上，肌肉的能量水平是细胞的检测点之一，它可以导致持续的蛋白质合成和生长，也可以导致蛋白质分解和萎缩。线粒体的功能受到形状、数量和定位的变化的影响。控制线粒体网络的动力学，如生物发生和融合，或碎片化和分裂，最终会影响调节肌肉质量的信号通路。有规律的运动和健康的肌肉是人体代谢控制的重要参与者。事实上，久坐的生活方式对肌肉功能有害，是肥胖和糖尿病等代谢紊乱的主要原因之一。本文综述了过去几年在控制蛋白水解系统以及肌肉质量和功能丧失方面线粒体作用的快速进展。
