Holopigian Karen, Bach Michael
Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Doc Ophthalmol. 2010 Dec;121(3):215-22. doi: 10.1007/s10633-010-9249-7. Epub 2010 Oct 23.
Although biomedical statistics is part of any scientific curriculum, a review of the current scientific literature indicates that statistical data analysis is an area that frequently needs improvement. To address this, we here cover some of the most common problems in statistical analysis, with an emphasis on an intuitive, tutorial approach rather than a rigorous, proof-based one. The topics covered in this manuscript are whether to enter eyes or patients into the analysis, issues related to multiple testing, pitfalls surrounding the correlation coefficient (causation, insensitivity to patterns, range confounding, unsuitability for method comparisons), and when to use standard deviation (SD) versus standard error of the mean (SEM) "antennas" on graphs.
尽管生物医学统计学是任何科学课程的一部分，但对当前科学文献的回顾表明，统计数据分析是一个经常需要改进的领域。为了解决这个问题，我们在此介绍一些统计分析中最常见的问题，重点是采用直观的教程式方法，而不是严格的基于证明的方法。本手稿涵盖的主题包括是将眼睛还是患者纳入分析、与多重检验相关的问题、围绕相关系数的陷阱（因果关系、对模式不敏感、范围混淆、不适用于方法比较），以及在图表上何时使用标准差（SD）与均值标准误差（SEM）。
