Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Nanomedicine. 2011 Feb;7(1):22-39. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.10.005. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
This review covers the most recent developments of inorganic and organic-inorganic composite coatings for orthopedic implants, providing the interface with living tissue and with potential for drug delivery to combat infections. Conventional systemic delivery of drugs is an inefficient procedure that may cause toxicity and may require a patient's hospitalization for monitoring. Local delivery of antibiotics and other bioactive molecules maximizes their effect where they are required, reduces potential systemic toxicity and increases timeliness and cost efficiency. In addition, local delivery has broad applications in combating infection-related diseases. Polymeric coatings may present some disadvantages. These disadvantages include limited chemical stability, local inflammatory reactions, uncontrolled drug-release kinetics, late thrombosis and restenosis. As a result, embedding of bioactive compounds and biomolecules within inorganic coatings (bioceramics, bioactive glasses) is attracting significant attention. Recently nanoceramics have attracted interest because surface nanostructuring allows for improved cellular adhesion, enhances osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and increases biomineralization. Organic-inorganic composite coatings, which combine biopolymers and bioactive ceramics that mimick bone structure to induce biomineralization, with the addition of biomolecules, represent alternative systems and ideal materials for "smart" implants. In this review, emphasis is placed on materials and processing techniques developed to advance the therapeutic use of biomolecules-eluting coatings, based on nanostructured ceramics. One part of this report is dedicated to inorganic and composite coatings with antibacterial functionality.
Inorganic and composite nanotechnology-based coating methods have recently been developed for orthopedic applications, with the main goal to provide bactericide and other enhanced properties, which may result in reduced need for pharmaceutical interventions and overall more cost effective orthopedic procedures. This review discusses key aspects of the above developments.
本综述涵盖了用于骨科植入物的无机和有机-无机复合涂层的最新进展，为活体组织提供了界面，并具有潜在的药物输送能力，以对抗感染。传统的全身药物输送是一种低效的方法，可能会引起毒性，并且可能需要患者住院监测。抗生素和其他生物活性分子的局部输送最大限度地提高了它们在需要的地方的效果，降低了潜在的全身毒性，并提高了及时性和成本效益。此外，局部输送在对抗感染相关疾病方面有广泛的应用。聚合物涂层可能存在一些缺点。这些缺点包括化学稳定性有限、局部炎症反应、药物释放动力学不可控、晚期血栓形成和再狭窄。因此，将生物活性化合物和生物分子嵌入无机涂层（生物陶瓷、生物活性玻璃）中引起了人们的极大关注。最近，纳米陶瓷引起了人们的兴趣，因为表面纳米结构化允许改善细胞黏附，增强成骨细胞增殖和分化，并增加生物矿化。有机-无机复合涂层将生物聚合物和模仿骨骼结构以诱导生物矿化的生物活性陶瓷结合在一起，并添加了生物分子，代表了“智能”植入物的替代系统和理想材料。在本综述中，重点介绍了基于纳米结构陶瓷开发的用于推进生物分子洗脱涂层治疗用途的材料和加工技术。本报告的一部分专门介绍了具有抗菌功能的无机和复合涂层。
最近已经开发出用于骨科应用的基于无机和复合纳米技术的涂层方法，主要目标是提供杀菌剂和其他增强性能，这可能导致减少对药物干预的需求，以及整体更具成本效益的骨科手术。这篇综述讨论了上述发展的关键方面。
