Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Environ Res. 2011 Jan;111(1):125-35. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.10.004. Epub 2010 Nov 9.
Maternal exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Few studies took into account the spatial and temporal variation of air pollution levels.
To evaluate the impact of maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy on preterm birth and term birth weight using a spatio-temporal exposure model.
We estimated maternal residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and soot during pregnancy (entire pregnancy, 1st trimester, and last month) for 3853 singleton births within the Dutch PIAMA prospective birth cohort study by means of temporally adjusted land-use regression models. Associations between air pollution concentrations and preterm birth and term birth weight were analyzed by means of logistic and linear regression models with and without adjustment for maternal physical, lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics.
We found positive, statistically non-significant associations between exposure to soot during entire pregnancy and during the last month of pregnancy and preterm birth [adj. OR (95% CI) per interquartile range increase in exposure 1.08 (0.88-1.34) and 1.09 (0.93-1.27), respectively]. There was no indication of an adverse effect of air pollution exposure on term birth weight.
In this study, maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy was not associated with term birth weight. There was a tendency towards an increased risk of preterm birth with increasing air pollution exposure, but statistical power was low.
母体暴露于空气污染与不良妊娠结局相关。少数研究考虑了空气污染水平的时空变化。
利用时空暴露模型评估妊娠期间母体接触交通相关空气污染对早产和足月出生体重的影响。
我们通过时间调整的土地利用回归模型，为荷兰 PIAMA 前瞻性出生队列研究中的 3853 名单胎出生个体估算了母体在整个孕期、孕早期和最后一个月的氮氧化物（NO2）、细颗粒物（PM2.5）和烟尘的住宅暴露量。通过逻辑回归和线性回归模型分析了空气污染浓度与早产和足月出生体重之间的关系，并调整了母体的生理、生活方式和社会人口统计学特征。
我们发现，整个孕期和最后一个月的烟尘暴露与早产呈正相关，但无统计学意义[调整后的比值比（95%置信区间）每增加一个四分位距的暴露量分别为 1.08（0.88-1.34）和 1.09（0.93-1.27）]。没有迹象表明空气污染暴露对足月出生体重有不良影响。
在这项研究中，妊娠期间母体接触交通相关空气污染与足月出生体重无关。随着空气污染暴露的增加，早产的风险有增加的趋势，但统计效能较低。
