Michael Jacob S, Rooney Kieron B, Smith Richard
School of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney University , Australia.
J Sports Sci Med. 2008 Mar 1;7(1):1-7.
Flat-water kayaking is one of the best-known competitive canoeing disciplines in Australia and across the European countries. From a stationary start, paddlers are required to paddle their kayaks with maximal effort along the length of the competing distance. The ultimate criterion of kayak performance is the time taken to paddle a designated competition distance. In flat-water racing, events are contested over 500 and 1000 metres. To approximate the ultimate criterion over these distances, the velocity of the kayak should be measured. Furthermore, other factors that affect performance, such as force, power, technique and aerobic fitness, would all provide a valuable insight to the success of the kayak paddler. Specific research performed examining the physiological demands on kayak paddlers demonstrate high levels of both aerobic power and anaerobic capacity. It is the purpose if this review to present the published physiological data relating to men's and women's kayaking. With a number of recent publications, a need for an updated review is necessary. The present review summarises recent data on anthropometrics, physiological characteristics of successful and unsuccessful kayak athletes and methods of physiological testing. Due to the fact that more data have been reported for male competitors than for their female counterparts, the demands of kayaking on male athletes will be the main focus for this review. The review also suggests areas for future research into flatwater kayaking performance. Understanding the physiological requirements of kayaking can assist coaches and athletes in a number of ways. During competition or training, such information is helpful in the selection of appropriate protocols and metabolic indices to monitor an athlete's performance improvements and assess an athlete's suitability for a particular race distance. Furthermore, it may aid the coach in the development of more specific training programs for their athletes. Key pointsFlat water kayaking is characterised by exceptional demands on upper body performance.When examining the oxygen consumption, it is notable that although a high value is attainable, they are not quite as high as other sporting events such as road cycling, rowing or running where lower body is dominant.Elite kayakers demonstrate superior aerobic and anaerobic quantities and have reported maximal oxygen consumptions of around 58 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) (4.7 L·min(-1)) and lactate values of around 12 mM during laboratory and on water testing.
静水皮划艇是澳大利亚和欧洲各国最知名的竞技皮划艇项目之一。从静止开始，桨手需要沿着比赛距离全力划动皮划艇。皮划艇性能的最终标准是划完指定比赛距离所需的时间。在静水比赛中，项目包括500米和1000米的角逐。为了近似这些距离上的最终标准，应该测量皮划艇的速度。此外，其他影响性能的因素，如力量、功率、技术和有氧适能，都将为皮划艇桨手的成功提供有价值的见解。针对皮划艇桨手生理需求进行的具体研究表明，他们具有高水平的有氧功率和无氧能力。本综述的目的是呈现已发表的有关男子和女子皮划艇运动的生理数据。鉴于近期有大量相关出版物，有必要进行一次更新的综述。本综述总结了近期关于人体测量学、成功和不成功皮划艇运动员的生理特征以及生理测试方法的数据。由于男性参赛者的报道数据多于女性参赛者，本综述将主要关注皮划艇运动对男性运动员的要求。该综述还提出了未来静水皮划艇性能研究的领域。了解皮划艇运动的生理需求可以在多个方面帮助教练和运动员。在比赛或训练期间，此类信息有助于选择合适的方案和代谢指标，以监测运动员的成绩提升，并评估运动员对特定比赛距离的适应性。此外，它可能有助于教练为运动员制定更具体的训练计划。要点静水皮划艇的特点是对上肢表现有极高要求。在研究耗氧量时，值得注意的是，尽管可以达到较高值，但它们并不像其他以下肢为主导的体育项目（如公路自行车、赛艇或跑步）那么高。精英皮划艇运动员表现出卓越的有氧和无氧能力，在实验室和水上测试中，他们的最大耗氧量约为58毫升·千克-1·分钟-1（4.7升·分钟-1），乳酸值约为12毫摩尔。
