Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2011 Jul;68(7):518-24. doi: 10.1136/oem.2010.058586. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
Studies on the health effects of aircraft and road traffic noise exposure suggest excess risks of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and the use of sedatives and hypnotics. Our aim was to assess the use of medication in relation to noise from aircraft and road traffic.
This cross-sectional study measured the use of prescribed antihypertensives, antacids, anxiolytics, hypnotics, antidepressants and antasthmatics in 4,861 persons living near seven airports in six European countries (UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, and Greece). Exposure was assessed using models with 1 dB resolution (5 dB for UK road traffic noise) and spatial resolution of 250×250 m for aircraft and 10×10 m for road traffic noise. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.
We found marked differences between countries in the effect of aircraft noise on antihypertensive use; for night-time aircraft noise, a 10 dB increase in exposure was associated with ORs of 1.34 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.57) for the UK and 1.19 (1.02 to 1.38) for the Netherlands but no significant associations were found for other countries. For day-time aircraft noise, excess risks were found for the UK (OR 1.35; CI: 1.13 to 1.60) but a risk deficit for Italy (OR 0.82; CI: 0.71 to 0.96). There was an excess risk of taking anxiolytic medication in relation to aircraft noise (OR 1.28; CI: 1.04 to 1.57 for daytime and OR 1.27; CI: 1.01 to 1.59 for night-time) which held across countries. We also found an association between exposure to 24hr road traffic noise and the use of antacids by men (OR 1.39; CI 1.11 to 1.74).
Our results suggest an effect of aircraft noise on the use of antihypertensive medication, but this effect did not hold for all countries. Results were more consistent across countries for the increased use of anxiolytics in relation to aircraft noise.
关于飞机和道路交通噪声暴露对健康影响的研究表明，高血压、心血管疾病以及镇静剂和催眠剂使用的风险会增加。我们的目的是评估与飞机和道路交通噪声相关的药物使用情况。
本横断面研究测量了居住在欧洲六个国家（英国、德国、荷兰、瑞典、意大利和希腊）的七个机场附近的 4861 人使用处方抗高血压药、抗酸剂、抗焦虑药、催眠药、抗抑郁药和抗哮喘药的情况。使用分辨率为 1dB（英国道路交通噪声为 5dB）、飞机空间分辨率为 250×250m 和道路交通噪声空间分辨率为 10×10m 的模型来评估暴露情况。使用多水平逻辑回归分析数据，调整潜在混杂因素。
我们发现，飞机噪声对降压药使用的影响在国家之间存在明显差异；对于夜间飞机噪声，暴露量每增加 10dB，英国的比值比（OR）为 1.34（95%置信区间[CI]：1.14 至 1.57），荷兰的 OR 为 1.19（1.02 至 1.38），但其他国家则无显著关联。对于日间飞机噪声，英国存在超额风险（OR 1.35；95%CI：1.13 至 1.60），而意大利则存在风险不足（OR 0.82；95%CI：0.71 至 0.96）。与飞机噪声相关，使用抗焦虑药物的风险增加（日间 OR 1.28；95%CI：1.04 至 1.57；夜间 OR 1.27；95%CI：1.01 至 1.59），这一结果在各国均成立。我们还发现，24 小时道路交通噪声暴露与男性使用抗酸剂之间存在关联（OR 1.39；95%CI：1.11 至 1.74）。
我们的结果表明，飞机噪声对降压药物使用有影响，但并非所有国家都如此。在与飞机噪声相关的抗焦虑药物使用增加方面，结果在各国之间更为一致。
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