Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Dec;42(12):2282-303. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181eeb61c.
Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), many with this chronic disease do not become or remain regularly active. High-quality studies establishing the importance of exercise and fitness in diabetes were lacking until recently, but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay T2DM, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower T2DM risk by up to 58% in high-risk populations. Most benefits of PA on diabetes management are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action, accomplished with both aerobic and resistance training. The benefits of physical training are discussed, along with recommendations for varying activities, PA-associated blood glucose management, diabetes prevention, gestational diabetes, and safe and effective practices for PA with diabetes-related complications.
虽然身体活动 (PA) 是预防和管理 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的关键因素，但许多患有这种慢性病的人并没有变得或保持定期活跃。直到最近，才出现了高质量的研究来确定运动和健身在糖尿病中的重要性，但现在已经确定，定期参加身体活动可以改善血糖控制，并可以预防或延迟 T2DM 的发生，同时对血脂、血压、心血管事件、死亡率和生活质量产生积极影响。已经证明，将 PA 和适度减重相结合的结构化干预措施可以使高危人群的 T2DM 风险降低高达 58%。PA 对糖尿病管理的大多数益处都是通过急性和慢性改善胰岛素作用来实现的，有氧运动和抗阻训练都可以实现这一点。本文讨论了身体训练的益处，并就各种活动、与 PA 相关的血糖管理、糖尿病预防、妊娠期糖尿病以及与糖尿病相关并发症的安全有效的 PA 实践提出了建议。
