Zaragoza Maria S, Mitchell Karen J, Payment Kristie, Drivdahl Sarah
Kent State University.
J Mem Lang. 2011 Jan 1;64(1):18-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2010.09.004.
Relatively little attention has been paid to the potential role that reflecting on the meaning and implications of suggested events (i.e., conceptual elaboration) might play in promoting the creation of false memories. Two experiments assessed whether encouraging repeated conceptual elaboration, would, like perceptual elaboration, increase false memory for suggested events. Results showed that conceptual elaboration of suggested events more often resulted in high confidence false memories (Experiment 1) and false memories that were accompanied by the phenomenal experience of remembering them (Experiment 2) than did surface-level processing. Moreover, conceptual elaboration consistently led to higher rates of false memory than did perceptual elaboration. The false memory effects that resulted from conceptual elaboration were highly dependent on the organization of the postevent interview questions, such that conceptual elaboration only increased false memory beyond surface level processing when participants evaluated both true and suggested information in relation to the same theme or dimension.
相对而言，人们很少关注对所提示事件的意义和影响进行思考（即概念性细化）在促进错误记忆形成中可能发挥的潜在作用。两项实验评估了鼓励反复进行概念性细化是否会像知觉性细化一样，增加对所提示事件的错误记忆。结果表明，与表面水平加工相比，对所提示事件进行概念性细化更常导致高度自信的错误记忆（实验1）以及伴随着记忆现象体验的错误记忆（实验2）。此外，概念性细化始终比知觉性细化导致更高的错误记忆率。概念性细化产生的错误记忆效应高度依赖于事件后访谈问题的组织方式，以至于只有当参与者针对同一主题或维度评估真实信息和所提示信息时，概念性细化才会比表面水平加工增加更多的错误记忆。
