Research Department, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, 11 avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Jul;111(7):1287-95. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1754-6. Epub 2010 Dec 4.
In order to investigate the effectiveness of different techniques of water immersion recovery on maximal strength, power and the post-exercise inflammatory response in elite athletes, 41 highly trained (Football, Rugby, Volleyball) male subjects (age = 21.5 ± 4.6 years, mass = 73.1 ± 9.7 kg and height = 176.7 ± 9.7 cm) performed 20 min of exhaustive, intermittent exercise followed by a 15 min recovery intervention. The recovery intervention consisted of different water immersion techniques, including: temperate water immersion (36°C; TWI), cold water immersion (10°C; CWI), contrast water temperature (10-42°C; CWT) and a passive recovery (PAS). Performances during a maximal 30-s rowing test (P(30 s)), a maximal vertical counter-movement jump (CMJ) and a maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensor muscles were measured at rest (Pre-exercise), immediately after the exercise (Post-exercise), 1 h after (Post 1 h) and 24 h later (Post 24 h). Leukocyte profile and venous blood markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) were also measured Pre-exercise, Post 1 h and Post 24 h. A significant time effect was observed to indicate a reduction in performance (Pre-exercise vs. Post-exercise) following the exercise bout in all conditions (P < 0.05). Indeed, at 1 h post exercise, a significant improvement in MVC and P(30 s) was respectively observed in the CWI and CWT groups compared to pre-exercise. Further, for the CWI group, this result was associated with a comparative blunting of the rise in total number of leucocytes at 1 h post and of plasma concentration of CK at 24 h post. The results indicate that the practice of cold water immersion and contrast water therapy are more effective immersion modalities to promote a faster acute recovery of maximal anaerobic performances (MVC and 30″ all-out respectively) after an intermittent exhaustive exercise. These results may be explained by the suppression of plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and damage, suggesting reduced passive leakage from disrupted skeletal muscle, which may result in the increase in force production during ensuing bouts of exercise.
为了研究不同水浸恢复技术对精英运动员最大力量、功率和运动后炎症反应的影响，41 名受过高度训练的（足球、橄榄球、排球）男性受试者（年龄=21.5±4.6 岁，体重=73.1±9.7 公斤，身高=176.7±9.7 厘米）进行了 20 分钟的剧烈间歇性运动，随后进行了 15 分钟的恢复干预。恢复干预包括不同的水浸技术，包括：温水浸（36°C；TWI）、冷水浸（10°C；CWI）、对比水温（10-42°C；CWT）和被动恢复（PAS）。在最大 30 秒划船测试（P(30 s））、最大垂直反向移动跳跃（CMJ）和最大等长自愿收缩（膝伸肌 MVC）的测试中，在休息时（运动前）、运动后立即（运动后）、1 小时后（运动后 1 小时）和 24 小时后（运动后 24 小时）进行了测量。白细胞谱和肌肉损伤的静脉血标志物（肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH））也在运动前、运动后 1 小时和运动后 24 小时进行了测量。观察到时间效应显著，表明所有条件下运动后运动表现（运动前 vs. 运动后）均降低（P<0.05）。事实上，在运动后 1 小时，与运动前相比，CWI 和 CWT 组的 MVC 和 P(30 s）分别显著提高。此外，对于 CWI 组，这一结果与运动后 1 小时白细胞总数升高和运动后 24 小时 CK 血浆浓度升高的相对减弱有关。结果表明，冷水浸和对比水疗法是更有效的浸浴方式，可以促进间歇性剧烈运动后最大无氧运动（分别为 MVC 和 30″全力）更快的急性恢复。这些结果可能是由于抑制了炎症和损伤标志物的血浆浓度，表明受损骨骼肌的被动渗漏减少，这可能导致随后的运动中力量产生增加。
