Dokuz Eylul University, Health Science Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2011 Jan;8(1):19-32. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2011.540236. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a growth hormone and cytokine that plays an important role in erythropoiesis and neuroprotection. However, EPO treatment for neurological diseases requires repeated injections or high-dose systemic administration, which may cause systemic side effects. The lack of any effective treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases and the promising outcome by EPO in animal models in vivo demand a critical evaluation of intranasal EPO delivery to the brain as an alternative administration method.
The current use and intranasal administration of EPO and its derivatives in preclinical studies and recent clinical trials with EPO in neurological diseases.
This paper gives an overview of the therapeutic considerations of intranasal EPO and EPO derivatives for neuroprotection.
Intranasal delivery (ID) of neuroprotective drugs is an area of great interest. Among the administration strategies used at present, ID of EPO is the most promising. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to evaluate the potential significance of this alternative route for increasing EPO bioavailability and decreasing side effects.
促红细胞生成素（EPO）是一种生长激素和细胞因子，在红细胞生成和神经保护中发挥重要作用。然而，EPO 治疗神经系统疾病需要重复注射或大剂量全身给药，这可能会导致全身副作用。缺乏对急性和慢性神经退行性疾病的任何有效治疗方法，以及 EPO 在动物模型中的有前途的结果，都要求对鼻内 EPO 递送至大脑作为替代给药方法进行严格评估。
EPO 及其衍生物在临床前研究中的当前用途和鼻内给药，以及最近在神经系统疾病中 EPO 的临床试验。
本文概述了鼻内 EPO 和 EPO 衍生物用于神经保护的治疗考虑因素。
鼻内递送（ID）神经保护药物是一个非常感兴趣的领域。在目前使用的给药策略中，EPO 的 ID 是最有前途的。需要进一步的临床前和临床研究来评估这种替代途径增加 EPO 生物利用度和减少副作用的潜在意义。
