Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011 Jan 27;366(1562):231-40. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0213.
Food and nutrition are fundamental to military capability. Historical examples demonstrate that a failure to supply adequate nutrition to armies inevitably leads to disaster; however, innovative measures to overcome difficulties in feeding reap benefits, and save lives. In barracks, UK Armed Forces are currently fed according to the relatively new Pay As You Dine policy, which has attracted criticism from some quarters. The recently introduced Multi-Climate Ration has been developed specifically to deal with issues arising from Iraq and the current conflict in Afghanistan. Severely wounded military personnel are likely to lose a significant amount of their muscle mass, in spite of the best medical care. Nutritional support is unable to prevent this, but can ameliorate the effects of the catabolic process. Measuring and quantifying nutritional status during critical illness is difficult. A consensus is beginning to emerge from studies investigating the effects of nutritional interventions on how, what and when to feed patients with critical illness. The Ministry of Defence is currently undertaking research to address specific concerns related to nutrition as well as seeking to promote healthy eating in military personnel.
食物和营养是军队战斗力的根本。历史实例表明，未能为军队提供充足的营养，必然会导致灾难；然而，克服喂养困难的创新措施会带来好处，拯救生命。在军营中，英国武装部队目前根据相对较新的“随餐付费”政策就餐，该政策受到了一些方面的批评。最近推出的多气候口粮是专门为解决伊拉克和目前阿富汗冲突中出现的问题而开发的。尽管进行了最好的医疗护理，严重受伤的军人仍可能大量失去肌肉。营养支持无法预防这种情况，但可以减轻分解代谢过程的影响。在重症期间测量和量化营养状况是困难的。从研究营养干预对重症患者如何、何时以及吃什么的影响的研究中，正在开始形成一种共识。国防部目前正在进行研究，以解决与营养有关的具体问题，并寻求促进军人的健康饮食。
