Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Wei Jin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Mar 1;45(5):1827-33. doi: 10.1021/es104009s. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
The occurrence and transport of 12 antibiotics (from the tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone, and macrolide families) was studied in a 72-km stretch of the Haihe River, China, and in six of its tributaries. Aqueous and sediment samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Sulfonamides were detected at the highest concentrations (24-385 ng/L) and highest frequencies (76-100%). Eight of the 12 antibiotics likely originated from veterinary applications in swine farms and fishponds, and concentrations at these sources (0.12-47 μg/L) were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than in the effluent of local wastewater treatment plants. Sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) was detected in all swine farm and fishpond samples (maximum concentration 47 μg/L), which suggests its potential usefulness to indicate livestock source pollution in the Haihe River basin. Hydrological and chemical factors that may influence antibiotic distribution in the Haihe River were considered by multiple regression analysis. River flow rate exerted the most significant effect on the first-order attenuation coefficient (K) for sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides, with higher flow rates resulting in higher K, probably due to dilution. For tetracyclines, sediment total organic matter and cation exchange capacity exerted a greater impact on K than flow rate, indicating that adsorption to sediments plays an important role in attenuating tetracycline migration. Overall, the predominance of sulfonamides in the Haihe River underscores the need to consider regulating their veterinary use and improving the management and treatment of associated releases.
在中国海河流域的 72 公里河段及其六条支流中，研究了 12 种抗生素（包括四环素、磺胺类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类）的发生和迁移。采用 HPLC-MS/MS 对水相和沉积物样品进行了分析。磺胺类抗生素的浓度（24-385ng/L）和检出频率（76-100%）最高。这 12 种抗生素中的 8 种可能来自养猪场和鱼塘的兽医应用，这些来源的浓度（0.12-47μg/L）比当地污水处理厂的污水高 1-2 个数量级。磺胺氯哒嗪（SCP）在所有养猪场和鱼塘样本中均有检出（最高浓度为 47μg/L），这表明它可能有助于指示海河流域的牲畜源污染。采用多元回归分析考虑了可能影响海河抗生素分布的水文学和化学因素。河川流量对磺胺类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类的一级衰减系数（K）的影响最大，较高的流量导致较高的 K，这可能是由于稀释作用。对于四环素类抗生素，沉积物总有机碳和阳离子交换容量对 K 的影响大于流量，表明吸附到沉积物中在衰减四环素类抗生素的迁移方面起着重要作用。总的来说，磺胺类抗生素在海河中占主导地位，这表明需要考虑规范其兽医用途，并改进相关排放物的管理和处理。
