Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Nov 15;409(24):5305-12. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.014. Epub 2011 Oct 4.
We report the results of a nationwide survey of commonly used human and veterinary antibiotics (7 sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and 4 macrolides) in 37 Japanese rivers. Concentrations of the sum of the 12 target antibiotics ranged from undetectable to 626 ng/L, with a median of 7.3 ng/L for the 37 rivers. Antibiotics concentrations were higher in urban rivers than in rural rivers and were correlated with those of molecular markers of sewage (crotamiton and carbamazepine). Macrolides were dominant over sulfonamides in urban rivers. Sulfonamides, especially sulfamethazine (used in animals), were dominant in a few rivers in whose catchment animal husbandry is active. However, these signals of veterinary antibiotics were overwhelmed by those of human antibiotics in lower reaches of most rivers. The analysis of the antibiotics in all 88 samples showed that the target antibiotics in Japanese rivers are derived mainly from urban sewage, even though larger amounts of antibiotics are used in livestock. Most of the livestock waste-derived antibiotics are unlikely to be readily discharged to surface waters.
我们报告了一项全国性调查的结果，该调查涉及日本 37 条河流中常用的人类和兽医抗生素（7 种磺胺类药物、甲氧苄啶和 4 种大环内酯类药物）。12 种目标抗生素的总和浓度范围从无法检测到 626ng/L，37 条河流的中位数为 7.3ng/L。城市河流中的抗生素浓度高于农村河流，并且与污水的分子标志物（克罗他米通和卡马西平）相关。大环内酯类药物在城市河流中比磺胺类药物更为普遍。磺胺类药物，尤其是用于动物的磺胺甲噁唑，在一些畜牧业活跃的河流中占据主导地位。然而，在大多数河流的下游，这些兽医抗生素的信号被人类抗生素所掩盖。对所有 88 个样本中抗生素的分析表明，日本河流中的目标抗生素主要来源于城市污水，尽管在畜牧业中使用了更多的抗生素。大部分源自牲畜废物的抗生素不太可能轻易排放到地表水中。
