Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Toxicol Sci. 2011 Mar;120 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S130-45. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq371. Epub 2010 Dec 16.
There is a strong need for science-based risk assessment that utilizes known data from diverse sources to arrive at accurate assessments of human health risk. Such assessments will protect the public health without mandating unreasonable regulation. This paper utilizes 30 years of research on three "known human carcinogens": formaldehyde, vinyl chloride (VC), and ethylene oxide (EO), each of which forms DNA adducts identical to endogenous DNA adducts in all individuals. It outlines quantitative data on endogenous adducts, mutagenicity, and relationships between endogenous and exogenous adducts. Formaldehyde has the richest data set, with quantitative data on endogenous and exogenous DNA adducts from the same samples. The review elaborates on how such data can be used to inform the current risk assessment on formaldehyde, including both the biological plausibility and accuracy of projected risks. Finally, it extends the thought process to VC, EO, and additional areas of potential research, pointing out needs, nuances, and potential paths forward to improved understanding that will lead to strong science-based risk assessment.
科学的风险评估非常有必要，应利用来自不同来源的已知数据，对人类健康风险做出准确评估。这种评估既能保护公众健康，又不会强制实施不合理的规定。本文利用 30 年来对三种“已知人类致癌物”的研究：甲醛、氯乙烯（VC）和环氧乙烷（EO），这三种物质在所有人的体内都会形成与内源性 DNA 加合物完全相同的 DNA 加合物。本文概述了内源性加合物、致突变性以及内源性和外源性加合物之间关系的定量数据。甲醛的数据最为丰富，具有来自相同样本的内源性和外源性 DNA 加合物的定量数据。本文详细阐述了如何利用这些数据为当前的甲醛风险评估提供信息，包括预测风险的生物学合理性和准确性。最后，本文将这种思维过程扩展到 VC、EO 以及其他潜在研究领域，指出需要注意的问题、细微差别以及改进理解的潜在途径，这些都将有助于进行强有力的基于科学的风险评估。
