Latin American Working Group for Gram Positive Resistance, Hospital San Ignacio and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Braz J Infect Dis. 2010 Dec;14 Suppl 2:S107-18. doi: 10.1590/s1413-86702010000800006.
After the first reports of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the 1970s, numerous measures intended to prevent its transmission were initiated in hospitals. However, in most cases, large-scale measures failed to be implemented and the transmission of MRSA has since led to a global pandemic. Presently, doubts still remain about the best approach to prevent and control MRSA and more often than not, control measures are not implemented. Therefore, we review here the current situation in Latin America with respect to existing policies for control of MRSA, and evaluate the evidence for control measures in hospitals and the community. We look at the risk factors for infection and transmission of MRSA between hospital patients and within specific populations in the community, and at the effect of antibiotic usage on the spread of MRSA in these settings. Finally, we summarize recommendations for the prevention and control of MRSA, which can be applied to the Latin American hospital environment and community setting.
自 20 世纪 70 年代首次报告耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）出现以来，医院已采取多项措施预防其传播。然而，在大多数情况下，大规模措施并未得到实施，MRSA 的传播已导致全球大流行。目前，对于预防和控制 MRSA 的最佳方法仍存在疑问，而且往往没有实施控制措施。因此，我们在此回顾拉丁美洲在控制 MRSA 方面的现行政策，并评估医院和社区中控制措施的证据。我们研究了医院患者之间以及社区特定人群中 MRSA 感染和传播的危险因素，以及抗生素使用对这些环境中 MRSA 传播的影响。最后，我们总结了预防和控制 MRSA 的建议，这些建议可适用于拉丁美洲的医院环境和社区环境。
