Department of Human and Community Development, Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;50(2):180-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.11.008. Epub 2010 Dec 31.
To examine the association between memory for previously encoded emotional faces and depression symptoms assessed over 4 years in adolescent girls. Investigating the interface between memory deficits and depression in adolescent girls may provide clues about depression pathophysiology.
Participants were 213 girls recruited from a longitudinal, community-based study; the majority were African American. Scores on depressive screening measures at age 8 were used to increase the base rate of depression. Depression symptoms and diagnoses were assessed annually for 4 years. In year 4, when the girls were 12 to 13 years old, a face emotion encoding task was administered during which ratings were generated in response to sad, fearful, angry, and happy faces. A surprise memory task followed whereby participants identified which of two faces, displaying neutral expressions, they had seen previously.
Girls with higher depression symptom levels from ages 9 to 12 years evidenced lower accuracy in identifying previously encoded emotional faces. Controlling for IQ, higher depression symptom level was associated with a memory deficit specific to previously encoded sad and happy faces. These effects were not moderated by race.
Individual differences in face memory deficits relate to individual differences in emerging, early adolescent depression, and may be vulnerability markers for depression.
探讨青少年女性在 4 年内对先前编码的情绪面孔的记忆与抑郁症状之间的关系。研究记忆缺陷与青少年女性抑郁之间的关系，可能有助于揭示抑郁发病机制。
参与者为 213 名来自纵向社区研究的女孩，大多数为非洲裔美国人。在 8 岁时进行抑郁筛查测量，以增加抑郁的基础发生率。在 4 年内，每年评估一次抑郁症状和诊断。在第 4 年，当女孩 12 至 13 岁时，进行面部情绪编码任务，要求参与者对悲伤、恐惧、愤怒和快乐面孔做出反应。然后进行一项惊喜记忆任务，要求参与者识别显示中性表情的两张面孔中，他们之前见过哪一张。
9 至 12 岁时抑郁症状水平较高的女孩在识别先前编码的情绪面孔时准确性较低。控制智商后，较高的抑郁症状水平与先前编码的悲伤和快乐面孔的记忆缺陷有关。这些影响不受种族的影响。
个体在面孔记忆缺陷方面的差异与青少年早期出现的抑郁症状的个体差异有关，可能是抑郁的脆弱性标志物。
