表观遗传学：工具与技术
Epigenetics: Tools and Technologies.
作者信息
Janzen William P, Wigle Tim J, Jin Jian, Frye Stephen V
机构信息
The Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Genetics Medicine Building, Campus Box 7363, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA.
出版信息
Drug Discov Today Technol. 2010 Spring;7(1):e59-e65. doi: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2010.07.004.
Epigenetics refers to heritable changes that control how the genome is accessed in different cell-types and during development and differentiation. Even though each cell contains essentially the same genetic code, epigenetic mechanisms permit specialization of function between cells. The state of chromatin, the complex of histone proteins, RNA and DNA that efficiently package the genome, is largely regulated by specific modifications to histone proteins and DNA, and the recognition of these marks by other proteins and protein complexes. The enzymes that produce these modifications (the 'writers'), the proteins that recognize them (the 'readers'), and the enzymes that remove them (the 'erasers') are critical targets for manipulation in order to further understand the histone code and its role in biology and human disease.
表观遗传学是指可遗传的变化，这些变化控制着基因组在不同细胞类型以及发育和分化过程中的读取方式。尽管每个细胞本质上都包含相同的遗传密码，但表观遗传机制允许细胞之间实现功能特化。染色质是由组蛋白、RNA和DNA组成的复合物，能有效地包装基因组，其状态在很大程度上受组蛋白和DNA的特定修饰以及其他蛋白质和蛋白质复合物对这些标记的识别所调控。产生这些修饰的酶（“书写者”）、识别它们的蛋白质（“阅读者”）以及去除它们的酶（“擦除者”）是进行操作的关键靶点，以便进一步了解组蛋白密码及其在生物学和人类疾病中的作用。
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