Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2011 Jan;47(1):91-105. doi: 10.1037/a0020719.
This longitudinal study examined predictors of rates of growth in dyadic interaction quality in children born preterm who did not experience significant neurological findings during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. Multiple methods were used to collect data from 120 preterm infants (48% girls, 52% boys) and their mothers. Infant heart rate variability (HRV), gestational age, neonatal health, feeding route, and maternal socioeconomic (SES) risks were assessed at NICU discharge (mean of 36 weeks postconception). Mother-child interactions were observed at 4, 9, 16, and 24 months postterm and analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling. On average, children's quality of play, interest, and attention increased over time while their dysregulation and irritability decreased, whereas average maternal positive affect and involvement declined in quality (ps < .05), although there was individual variation in rates of change. Mothers of infants with higher postfeeding HRV (i.e., vagal regulation) exhibited less decrease in positive affect and involvement between 4 months and 24 months, compared with mothers of infants with lower HRV (p < .05). Although infants with higher postfeeding HRV showed less positive affect and communication at 4 months, they exhibited significantly greater increases in positive affect and social competence and decreases in dysregulation and irritability between 4 months and 24 months, compared with infants with lower HRV (ps < .05). Dyads experiencing more SES risks showed less optimal interactions at 4 months; this difference remained as children grew older (ps < .05). Results have implications for our understanding of social development in preterm infants.
本纵向研究考察了在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）住院期间没有出现显著神经学发现的早产儿的二元互动质量增长率的预测因素。使用多种方法从 120 名早产儿（48%女孩，52%男孩）及其母亲那里收集数据。在 NICU 出院时（受孕后平均 36 周）评估了婴儿的心率变异性（HRV）、胎龄、新生儿健康、喂养途径和母亲的社会经济地位（SES）风险。在 4、9、16 和 24 个月时对母婴互动进行了观察，并使用分层线性模型进行了分析。平均而言，随着时间的推移，儿童的游戏质量、兴趣和注意力增加，而他们的失调和易怒程度下降，而母亲的积极情绪和参与度的平均质量下降（p <.05），尽管变化率存在个体差异。与 HRV 较低的婴儿相比，HRV 较高的婴儿（即迷走神经调节）在 4 个月至 24 个月期间母亲的积极情绪和参与度下降幅度较小（p <.05）。尽管 HRV 较高的婴儿在 4 个月时表现出较低的积极情绪和沟通，但与 HRV 较低的婴儿相比，他们在 4 个月至 24 个月期间表现出显著更大的积极情绪和社交能力增加以及失调和易怒减少（p <.05）。SES 风险较高的母婴互动在 4 个月时表现不佳；随着孩子的成长，这种差异仍然存在（p <.05）。结果对我们理解早产儿的社会发展具有启示意义。
