School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Psychophysiology. 2010 Nov;47(6):1109-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01021.x.
It is well established that performance is influenced by pressure, but the underlying mechanisms of the pressure-performance relationship are poorly understood. To address this important issue, the current experiment evaluated psychological, physiological, and kinematic factors as mediators of the pressure-performance relationship. Psychological, physiological, and kinematic responses to three levels of competitive pressure were measured in 23 males and 35 females during a golf putting task. Pressure manipulations impaired putting performance. Self-reported anxiety, effort, and perceived pressure were increased. Heart rate, heart rate variability, muscle activity, and lateral clubhead acceleration were also elevated. Mediation analyses revealed that effort, muscle activity, and lateral acceleration partially mediated the decline in performance. Results confirmed that pressure elicits effects on performance through multiple pathways.
众所周知，表现受到压力的影响，但压力与表现关系的潜在机制还不太清楚。为了解决这个重要问题，本实验评估了心理、生理和运动学因素作为压力与表现关系的中介。在高尔夫推杆任务中，对 23 名男性和 35 名女性的三种竞争压力水平进行了心理、生理和运动学反应的测量。压力处理会损害推杆表现。报告的焦虑、努力和感知压力增加。心率、心率变异性、肌肉活动和横向杆头加速度也升高。中介分析表明，努力、肌肉活动和横向加速度部分介导了表现的下降。结果证实，压力通过多种途径对表现产生影响。
