Hatz C, Savioli L, Mayombana C, Dhunputh J, Kisumku U M, Tanner M
Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital, Liestal, Switzerland.
Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(6):777-87.
Among the indicators of schistosomiasis morbidity currently used in control programmes, ultrasound has been found to be a safe, non-invasive and efficient technique for detecting schistosomiasis-related lesions and for assessing the effect of treatment on their resolution. Three case-studies from East Africa, in areas of different endemicity for Schistosoma haematobium, using ultrasound are described and their results related to indirect measurements of the disease (e.g., haematuria, egg counts). This review reveals that cross-sectional ultrasound surveys can be used to quickly assess subsamples of populations in areas of different endemicity, in order to make decisions about sampling strategies in control programmes. The association between the intensity of infection and urinary tract abnormalities is reviewed and evaluated. One case study provides information on the resolution of S. haematobium-related uropathy after treatment; this information is crucial in order to maintain low levels of morbidity in a community. The role of ultrasound is further discussed, particularly as a tool to complement and validate indirect morbidity control measurements. The validation of such indirect measurements for use as a basis for public health decisions is important because they can be carried out by existing health care services in many areas.
在目前控制项目中使用的血吸虫病发病指标中，超声已被证明是一种安全、无创且有效的技术，可用于检测与血吸虫病相关的病变，并评估治疗对病变消退的效果。本文描述了来自东非的三个案例研究，这些研究在不同埃及血吸虫流行程度的地区使用了超声，并将其结果与该疾病的间接测量指标（如血尿、虫卵计数）相关联。这篇综述表明，横断面超声调查可用于快速评估不同流行程度地区人群的子样本，以便在控制项目中做出抽样策略的决策。对感染强度与泌尿系统异常之间的关联进行了综述和评估。一个案例研究提供了治疗后埃及血吸虫相关泌尿系统疾病消退的信息；这些信息对于维持社区低发病水平至关重要。进一步讨论了超声的作用，特别是作为补充和验证间接发病控制测量的工具。验证此类间接测量作为公共卫生决策依据的重要性在于，它们可由许多地区现有的医疗服务机构进行。
