Can Fam Physician. 1983 May;29:961-5.
Although population screening for cervical neoplasia is widely practiced, screening for endometrial neoplasia has only recently been considered. Before development of endometrial carcinoma, the endometrium undergoes progressive neoplastic alterations in a parallel fashion to the premalignant precursors of cervical carcinoma. Screening for endometrial carcinoma may be particularly appropriate because of the existence of a well defined, easily identifiable high risk group and tissue sampling techniques that are accurate, easy to perform, inexpensive, and well tolerated. Women at increased risk of endometrial carcinoma include: obese postmenopausal women, women on postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy, premenopausal women with a history of anovulatory cycles (including women with polycystic ovarian disease) and women with hepatic cirrhosis. Using endometrial aspiration devices, screening for endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma may be performed by any physician familiar with intrauterine contraceptive device insertion in the office. The impact of such routine screening of high risk women will be determined only after large screening studies have been accomplished.
虽然宫颈癌的人群筛查已广泛开展，但子宫内膜癌的筛查直到最近才被考虑。在子宫内膜癌发展之前，子宫内膜经历了与宫颈癌前体平行的进行性肿瘤改变。由于存在明确的、易于识别的高危人群和准确、易于操作、廉价且耐受性良好的组织采样技术，因此对子宫内膜癌进行筛查可能特别合适。患子宫内膜癌风险增加的妇女包括：肥胖的绝经后妇女、接受绝经后雌激素替代治疗的妇女、有排卵周期异常史的绝经前妇女（包括多囊卵巢疾病的妇女）和患有肝硬化的妇女。使用子宫内膜抽吸装置，任何熟悉宫内节育器插入的医生都可以在办公室进行子宫内膜增生和癌的筛查。只有在完成了大型筛查研究后，才能确定对高危妇女进行这种常规筛查的影响。
