Colonoscopy: perspectives for family physicians.

Fiber-optic endoscopy is an important investigation of the lower gastrointestinal tract, whether or not the radiologist has discovered a lesion. Colonoscopy affords a unique opportunity to visualize the entire colonic mucosa. At the same time, the physician can obtain biopsy specimens, remove polyps, and decompress volvuli. Most experienced endoscopists can reach the cecum in over 90% of patients. If colonoscopy is properly performed, it has a low risk of complications, such as perforation and bleeding. The few absolute contraindications include serious illnesses such as acute myocardial infarction and severe acute inflammatory bowel diseases. Family physicians referring patients for investigations of lower gastrointestinal problems should explain that colonoscopy is an adjunct to, not a replacement for, a barium enema examination. If possible they should find out what preparation the patient will require.