Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2011 Jan 21;6(1):e16061. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016061.
To understand the processes of invasions by alien insects is a pre-requisite for improving management. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex that contains some of the most invasive pests worldwide. However, extensive field data to show the geographic distribution of the members of this species complex as well as the invasion by some of its members are scarce.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used field surveys and published data to assess the current diversity and distribution of B. tabaci cryptic species in China and relate the indigenous members to other Asian and Australian members of the complex. The survey covered the 16 provinces where indigenous B. tabaci occur and extends this with published data for the whole of China. We used molecular markers to identify cryptic species. The evolutionary relationships between the different Asian B. tabaci were reconstructed using Bayesian methods. We show that whereas in the past the exotic invader Middle East-Asia Minor 1 was predominant across China, another newer invader Mediterranean is now the dominant species in the Yangtze River Valley and eastern coastal areas, and Middle East-Asia Minor 1 is now predominant only in the south and south eastern coastal areas. Based on mtCO1 we identified four new cryptic species, and in total we have recorded 13 indigenous and two invasive species from China. Diversity was highest in the southern and southeastern provinces and declined to north and west. Only the two invasive species were found in the northern part of the country where they occur primarily in protected cropping. By 2009, indigenous species were mainly found in remote mountainous areas and were mostly absent from extensive agricultural areas.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Invasions by some members of the whitefly B. tabaci species complex can be rapid and widespread, and indigenous species closely related to the invaders are replaced.
了解外来昆虫入侵的过程是改善管理的前提。烟粉虱是一个隐种复合体，包含一些世界上最具入侵性的害虫。然而，广泛的实地数据显示该隐种复合体成员的地理分布以及其中一些成员的入侵情况却很少。
方法/主要发现：我们利用实地调查和已发表的数据来评估中国烟粉虱隐种的当前多样性和分布情况，并将本地成员与该复合体的其他亚洲和澳大利亚成员进行关联。调查涵盖了中国存在本地烟粉虱的 16 个省份，并扩展到了中国的整个范围。我们使用分子标记来识别隐种。利用贝叶斯方法重建了不同亚洲烟粉虱之间的进化关系。我们表明，虽然过去外来入侵的中东-小亚细亚 1 型在整个中国占主导地位，但另一种较新的入侵地中海型现在是长江流域和东部沿海地区的主要物种，而中东-小亚细亚 1 型现在主要分布在南方和东南沿海地区。基于 mtCO1，我们鉴定了四个新的隐种，总共从中国记录了 13 个本地种和 2 个入侵种。南方和东南省份的多样性最高，向北和向西逐渐下降。只有这两个入侵种在北方发现，它们主要存在于保护性作物种植区。到 2009 年，本地种主要分布在偏远山区，而在广泛的农业区则很少见。
结论/意义：一些烟粉虱隐种复合体成员的入侵可能是迅速和广泛的，与入侵种密切相关的本地种被取代。
