中国三大城市未婚农村到城市移民的 RH 知识和服务利用情况。
RH knowledge and service utilization among unmarried rural-to-urban migrants in three major cities, China.
机构信息
School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2011 Feb 2;11:74. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-74.
BACKGROUND
Large numbers of unmarried migrants are on the continuous move from rural-to-urban areas within China mainland, meanwhile their Reproductive Health (RH) is underserved when it is compared with the present urban RH policies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the RH knowledge and the utilization of RH services among unmarried migrants.
METHODS
A cross-section survey was performed in three cities in China-Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Wuhan. A total of 3,450 rural-to-urban unmarried migrants were chosen according to a purposive sampling method. Around 3,412 (male: 1,680, female: 1,732) were qualified for this study. A face-to-face structured questionnaire survey was used, which focused on the knowledge concerning "fertility, contraception and STD/AIDS," as well as RH service utilization.
RESULTS
Among unmarried migrants the RH knowledge about pregnancy-fertilization (29.4%) and contraception (9.1%) was at its lowest level. Around 21% of unmarried migrants had pre-marital sexual experience and almost half (47.4%) never used condoms during sexual intercourse. The most obtained RH services was about STD/AIDS health education (female: 49.6%, male: 50.2%) and free prophylactic use of contraceptives and/or condoms (female: 42.5%, male: 48.3%). As for accessing RH checkup services it was at its lowest level among females (16.1%). Those who migrated to Shenzhen (OR = 0.64) and Guangzhou (OR = 0.53) obtained few RH consultations compared to those in Wuhan. The white collar workers received more RH consultations and checkup services than the blue collar workers (all group P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
RH knowledge and the utilization of RH services amongst unmarried migrants remain insufficient in the three studied major cities. This study reveals the important gaps in the RH services' delivery, and highlights the requirements for tailored interventions, including further research, to address more effectively the demands and the needs of the unmarried migrant populations.
背景
大量未婚流动人口持续从农村向城市流动，与此同时，与当前城市生殖健康政策相比，他们的生殖健康服务得不到满足。本研究旨在调查未婚流动人口的生殖健康知识和生殖健康服务利用情况。
方法
采用横断面调查方法，在中国三个城市（深圳、广州和武汉）进行研究。根据目的抽样方法，共选择了 3450 名农村到城市的未婚流动人口。共有 3412 名（男性 1680 名，女性 1732 名）符合研究条件。采用面对面的结构化问卷进行调查，重点关注“生育、避孕和性传播疾病/艾滋病”方面的知识，以及生殖健康服务的利用情况。
结果
未婚流动人口对妊娠-受精（29.4%）和避孕（9.1%）的生殖健康知识最低。约 21%的未婚流动人口有婚前性行为，近一半（47.4%）在性行为中从未使用过避孕套。获得最多的生殖健康服务是关于性传播疾病/艾滋病健康教育（女性：49.6%，男性：50.2%）和免费预防性使用避孕药具和/或避孕套（女性：42.5%，男性：48.3%）。至于接受生殖健康检查服务，女性的比例最低（16.1%）。与武汉相比，迁移到深圳（OR=0.64）和广州（OR=0.53）的人接受的生殖健康咨询较少。白领工人比蓝领工人接受更多的生殖健康咨询和检查服务（所有组 P<0.01）。
结论
在所研究的三个主要城市，未婚流动人口的生殖健康知识和生殖健康服务的利用仍然不足。本研究揭示了生殖健康服务提供方面的重要差距，并强调需要有针对性的干预措施，包括进一步研究，以更有效地满足未婚流动人口的需求。
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