Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
J Clin Lipidol. 2007 Jul;1(3):175-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2007.05.006. Epub 2007 Jun 7.
Abnormal blood lipids are a significant cardiovascular health risk. Drug therapy and diet continue to be standard management strategies. However, considerable evidence supports physical activity and exercise as having a positive impact on abnormal lipids and such are often recommended as adjunctive interventions. The purpose of this review is to clarify the mechanisms by which exercise facilitates favorable changes in levels of blood lipids and lipoproteins. Studies relative to the effects of exercise on blood lipid levels are notable: The impact of exercise on high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) is best studied and specify effects of intensity and amount of exercise as well as a genetic influence. Exercise also exerts an effect on HDL-C maturation and composition, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol delivery to receptors (reverse cholesterol transport). Positive effects of exercise are also seen with blood triglycerides (TG), but little specific effect is seen on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). Abundant evidence supports the benefits of exercise on levels of certain blood lipids (namely HDL-C and TG). Although standard management of abnormal blood lipids is drug therapy and diet, it seems prudent to incorporate aerobic exercise as an important component of a healthy lifestyle. In certain individuals, drug therapy may be decreased in dosage or perhaps discontinued in the patient who is "exercise trained," especially if there is associated weight loss.
异常的血脂是心血管健康的重大风险。药物治疗和饮食仍然是标准的管理策略。然而，大量证据支持身体活动和运动对异常血脂有积极影响，因此常被推荐作为辅助干预措施。本综述的目的是阐明运动促进血脂和脂蛋白水平有利变化的机制。与运动对血脂水平的影响相关的研究值得注意：运动对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的影响研究得最好，并明确了运动强度和量以及遗传因素的影响。运动还对 HDL-C 的成熟和组成、胆固醇外排以及胆固醇向受体的输送（胆固醇逆转运）产生影响。运动对血液甘油三酯（TG）也有积极影响，但对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和总胆固醇（TC）的影响则不太明显。大量证据支持运动对某些血脂（即 HDL-C 和 TG）水平的益处。虽然异常血脂的标准治疗方法是药物治疗和饮食，但将有氧运动作为健康生活方式的重要组成部分似乎是明智的。在某些个体中，对于“运动训练”的患者，药物治疗的剂量可能会减少，或者可能会停止，特别是如果伴随体重减轻。
