College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100012, China.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2014 Mar;16(3):586-93. doi: 10.1039/c3em00567d. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
The occurrence and distribution of 19 antibiotics including ten sulfonamides, four quinolones, three tetracyclines and two macrolides in water, sediment, and biota samples from the Liao River Basin, China were investigated in the present study. The samples were collected in May 2012, and laboratory analyses revealed that antibiotics were widely distributed in the Liao River Basin. Macrolides made up the majority of antibiotics in the water ranging from not detected (ND) to 3162.22 ng L(-1), while tetracyclines and macrolides were the predominant antibiotics in the sediments, ranging from ND to 404.82 μg kg(-1) (mean 32.11 μg kg(-1) dw) and ND to 375.13 (mean 32.77 μg kg(-1) dw), with detection frequencies of 37.3% and 38.1%, respectively. In biological samples, quinolones were the most frequently detected antibiotics (57.1-100%), with concentrations ranging from 286.6-1655.3 μg kg(-1). The highest bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of 45407 L kg(-1) was found for enrofloxacin. The phase distribution calculation showed that tetracyclines were the most strongly adsorbed antibiotics in the sediment, with the highest pseudo-partitioning coefficient values, ranging from 1299 to 1499 L kg(-1). The geographical differences of antibiotic concentrations were largely due to anthropogenic activities and the sewage discharges from the local cities along the rivers.
本研究调查了中国辽河流域水中、沉积物中和生物样本中 19 种抗生素（包括 10 种磺胺类、4 种喹诺酮类、3 种四环素类和 2 种大环内酯类）的存在和分布情况。这些样本于 2012 年 5 月采集，实验室分析表明抗生素在辽河流域广泛分布。在水中，大环内酯类抗生素占据了大部分抗生素，其浓度范围为未检出（ND）至 3162.22ng/L，而四环素类和大环内酯类抗生素是沉积物中的主要抗生素，其浓度范围为 ND 至 404.82μg/kg（干重平均 32.11μg/kg）和 ND 至 375.13（干重平均 32.77μg/kg），检出率分别为 37.3%和 38.1%。在生物样本中，喹诺酮类抗生素是最常被检测到的抗生素（57.1-100%），其浓度范围为 286.6-1655.3μg/kg。恩诺沙星的生物积累因子（BAF）最高，达到 45407L/kg。相分配计算表明，在沉积物中，四环素类抗生素是吸附能力最强的抗生素，具有最高的拟分配系数值，范围为 1299 至 1499L/kg。抗生素浓度的地理差异主要归因于人类活动和河流沿线当地城市的污水排放。
