Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
Can J Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;56(2):84-91. doi: 10.1177/070674371105600203.
The notions of resilience that have emerged in developmental psychology and psychiatry in recent years require systematic rethinking to address the distinctive cultures, geographic and social settings, and histories of adversity of indigenous peoples. In Canada, the overriding social realities of indigenous peoples include their historical rootedness to a specific place (with traditional lands, communities, and transactions with the environment) and the profound displacements caused by colonization and subsequent loss of autonomy, political oppression, and bureaucratic control. We report observations from an ongoing collaborative project on resilience in Inuit, Métis, Mi'kmaq, and Mohawk communities that suggests the value of incorporating indigenous constructs in resilience research. These constructs are expressed through specific stories and metaphors grounded in local culture and language; however, they can be framed more generally in terms of processes that include: regulating emotion and supporting adaptation through relational, ecocentric, and cosmocentric concepts of self and personhood; revisioning collective history in ways that valorize collective identity; revitalizing language and culture as resources for narrative self-fashioning, social positioning, and healing; and renewing individual and collective agency through political activism, empowerment, and reconciliation. Each of these sources of resilience can be understood in dynamic terms as emerging from interactions between individuals, their communities, and the larger regional, national, and global systems that locate and sustain indigenous agency and identity. This social-ecological view of resilience has important implications for mental health promotion, policy, and clinical practice.
近年来，发展心理学和精神病学中出现的适应力概念需要进行系统的重新思考，以解决原住民独特的文化、地理和社会背景以及逆境历史。在加拿大，原住民的主要社会现实包括他们与特定地点的历史根源（具有传统土地、社区以及与环境的交易）以及殖民化和随后丧失自治权、政治压迫和官僚控制所造成的深刻流离失所。我们报告了一个正在进行的关于因纽特人、梅蒂斯人、米克马克人和莫霍克人社区适应力的合作项目的观察结果，该项目表明在适应力研究中纳入原住民结构的价值。这些结构通过基于当地文化和语言的特定故事和隐喻表达出来；但是，可以更普遍地将它们框定为包括以下过程：通过关系、生态中心和宇宙中心的自我和人格概念来调节情绪并支持适应；以重视集体认同的方式重新构想集体历史；将语言和文化作为叙事自我塑造、社会定位和疗愈的资源来复兴；通过政治行动主义、赋权和和解来恢复个人和集体的能动性。这些适应力的来源都可以从个人、他们的社区以及将原住民能动性和身份定位和维持的更大区域、国家和全球系统之间的相互作用的动态角度来理解。这种适应力的社会生态观点对心理健康促进、政策和临床实践具有重要意义。
