Sasisekaran Jayanthi, Donohue Cara
Department of Speech - Language - Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Appl Psycholinguist. 2016 Nov;37(6):1311-1336. doi: 10.1017/s0142716415000582. Epub 2015 Dec 23.
The aim of the present study was to investigate how children and adults allocate cognitive resources to performing segmental encoding and monitoring in a dual task paradigm and the response patterns of the primary and secondary tasks in the dual task.
Participants were 20 children divided equally into two age groups-7 to 11 years, 12 to 15 years, and 10 adults. The primary task required participants to monitor phonemic segments in a picture - written word interference paradigm while silently naming the pictures. The picture and distractor word were the same (replica), related (phoneme onset overlap), or unrelated. The secondary task required participants to make pitch judgments on tones presented at short (330 ms) or long (1130 ms) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) from picture onset.
Developmental differences were observed in both response times and percent errors in the primary and secondary tasks. Slower responses to the primary task were evident at the long SOA, related condition. Slower response times to the tone decision task were evident at the short than the long SOA. The findings support the capacity sharing account of dual task performance and suggest that dual task costs during language planning are higher in children than adults.
本研究旨在探讨儿童和成人在双重任务范式中如何分配认知资源以进行片段编码和监控，以及双重任务中主要任务和次要任务的反应模式。
参与者为20名儿童，平均分为两个年龄组——7至11岁、12至15岁，以及10名成年人。主要任务要求参与者在图片-书面单词干扰范式中监控音素片段，同时默读图片。图片和干扰词相同（复制品）、相关（音素起始重叠）或不相关。次要任务要求参与者对从图片呈现开始的短（330毫秒）或长（1130毫秒）刺激起始异步（SOA）呈现的音调进行音高判断。
在主要任务和次要任务的反应时间和错误百分比方面均观察到发育差异。在长SOA相关条件下，对主要任务的反应明显较慢。对音调判断任务的反应时间在短SOA时比长SOA时明显更慢。这些发现支持了双重任务表现的能力共享观点，并表明儿童在语言规划过程中的双重任务成本高于成年人。
