Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Nanoscience Institute (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2012 Jan-Feb;4(1):16-30. doi: 10.1002/wnan.132. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
Structured porous inorganic materials show high chemical and mechanical stability under an array of physiological conditions. Their hydrophilic character and porous structure can in principle be tailored to control the diffusion rate of an adsorbed or encapsulated drug, gene, or protein. This organized porosity has been used to achieve a sustained, controlled, or pulsed release in drug delivery applications. Their large surface areas together with their large pore volumes have been used to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Their low density allows them to float in the gastrointestinal tract and prolong the gastric retention of oral drugs. In addition, their easy surface functionalization allows their grafting with bioadhesive and targeting moieties, and their interior pore volume protects biological payloads from physiological degradation. Some of those porous inorganic materials can be synthesized or microfabricated to form deposits thus acting as drug reservoirs. Finally, diffusion-controlling porous membranes or coatings of those materials can be tailored with specific pore sizes to control drug release in eluting devices. Current research is focused on designing on demand targeted drug delivery systems using those inorganic porous materials as reservoirs together with triggering systems on their pore entrances to be externally activated to release the encapsulated therapeutic moiety. All of the previous scenarios will be overviewed to demonstrate the numerous possibilities of structured porous inorganic materials in drug delivery applications.
结构多孔无机材料在一系列生理条件下表现出高的化学和机械稳定性。它们的亲水性和多孔结构原则上可以被调整以控制吸附或包裹药物、基因或蛋白质的扩散速率。这种有组织的孔隙率已被用于实现药物传递应用中的持续、控制或脉冲释放。它们的大表面积和大孔体积已被用于提高难溶性药物的溶解度。它们的低密度使它们能够在胃肠道中漂浮，并延长口服药物在胃中的滞留时间。此外，它们易于表面功能化，允许它们与生物黏附剂和靶向部分接枝，其内部孔体积保护生物有效载荷免受生理降解。一些多孔无机材料可以被合成或微加工成沉积物，从而充当药物储库。最后，可以使用具有特定孔径的那些材料的扩散控制多孔膜或涂层来控制洗脱装置中的药物释放。目前的研究集中于使用那些无机多孔材料作为储库设计按需靶向药物传递系统，以及在其孔入口处设计触发系统以被外部激活来释放包裹的治疗部分。所有上述情况将被综述，以展示结构多孔无机材料在药物传递应用中的众多可能性。
