Critical Care Department and Infection Control Committee, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Santa Rita, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Respirology. 2011 May;16(4):598-603. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01964.x.
The incidence of pleural infection continues to rise worldwide. Identifying the causative organism(s) is important to guide antimicrobial therapy. The bacteriology of pleural infection is complex and has changed over time. Recent data suggest that the bacterial causes of empyema are significantly different between adult and paediatric patients, between community-acquired and nosocomial empyemas and can vary among geographical regions of the world. Since the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines, a change has been observed in the distribution of the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in empyema. These observations have implications on therapy and vaccine strategies. Clinicians need to be aware of the local bacteriology of empyema in order to guide antibiotic treatment.
全球范围内胸膜感染的发病率持续上升。确定病原体对于指导抗菌治疗非常重要。胸膜感染的细菌学情况较为复杂，且随时间而变化。最近的数据表明，成人和儿童患者、社区获得性和医院获得性脓胸以及世界不同地区之间，脓胸的细菌病因有显著差异。自从肺炎球菌疫苗问世以来，脓胸患者中肺炎链球菌血清型的分布发生了变化。这些观察结果对治疗和疫苗策略有影响。临床医生需要了解当地脓胸的细菌学情况，以便指导抗生素治疗。
