Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
Cognition. 2011 Jun;119(3):374-80. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.02.001. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
Past studies show that novel auditory stimuli, presented in the context of an otherwise repeated sound, capture participants' attention away from a focal task, resulting in measurable behavioral distraction. Novel sounds are traditionally defined as rare and unexpected but past studies have not sought to disentangle these concepts directly. Using a cross-modal oddball task, we contrasted these aspects orthogonally by manipulating the base rate and conditional probabilities of sound events. We report for the first time that behavioral distraction does not result from a sound's novelty per se but from the violation of the cognitive system's expectation based on the learning of conditional probabilities and, to some extent, the occurrence of a perceptual change from one sound to another.
过去的研究表明，新颖的听觉刺激在重复声音的背景下呈现时，会将参与者的注意力从焦点任务上转移开，从而导致可测量的行为分心。新颖的声音通常被定义为罕见和意外的，但过去的研究并没有直接试图区分这些概念。使用跨模态的Oddball 任务，我们通过操纵声音事件的基础率和条件概率来正交地对比这些方面。我们首次报告称，行为分心不是由声音本身的新颖性引起的，而是由基于条件概率学习的认知系统的预期被违反引起的，在某种程度上，还与从一种声音到另一种声音的感知变化有关。
