Dermatoepidemiology Unit, VA Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA.
Acta Derm Venereol. 2011 Mar;91(2):115-24. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0980.
The steroid hormone vitamin D is required for normal calcium and phosphorus metabolism and is thus an important contributor to musculoskeletal health. Recent data have linked low vitamin D levels to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease and infection. Adequate levels of vitamin D are maintained through its cutaneous photosynthesis and oral ingestion. By some estimates, one billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. A number of factors influence the photosynthesis and bioavailability of vitamin D and contribute to risk of impaired vitamin D status. These factors include variation in sun exposure due to latitude, season, time of day, atmospheric components, clothing, sunscreen use and skin pigmentation, as well as age, obesity and the incidence of several chronic illnesses. This review will focus on factors that influence vitamin D status and contribute to the prevalence of low vitamin D levels.
类固醇激素维生素 D 是钙和磷代谢正常所必需的，因此是骨骼肌肉健康的重要贡献者。最近的数据将低维生素 D 水平与多种疾病联系起来，包括癌症、心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病和感染。通过皮肤光合作用和口服摄入来维持足够的维生素 D 水平。据估计，全世界有 10 亿人患有维生素 D 缺乏或不足。许多因素影响维生素 D 的光合作用和生物利用度，并导致维生素 D 状态受损的风险增加。这些因素包括由于纬度、季节、一天中的时间、大气成分、衣服、防晒霜使用和皮肤色素沉着而导致的阳光暴露的变化，以及年龄、肥胖和几种慢性疾病的发病率。这篇综述将重点讨论影响维生素 D 状态并导致低维生素 D 水平流行的因素。
