Research Group of Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology & Food Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences & Public Health, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2011;46(4):378-93. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2011.542387.
Bioconcentration potential of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, Pb, Rb and Zn by Pioson Pax (Paxillus involutus) fungus was investigated in field collections of mushrooms from 12 geographically distant sites in Poland. Caps, stipes and soil (0-15 cm layer) underneath to the fruiting bodies were examined. Inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine the total metallic elements content. Both "labile" (cold 20% HNO(3) extraction) and "pseudo-total" (cold and hot 65% HNO(3) extraction) fractions of metallic elements of soil were determined. K, Rb and Cu were effectively bio-concentrated by Poison Pax in caps and their BCF values were 1000 ± 520, 740 ± 540 and 100 ± 79, and less were Zn, Na, Mg and Ni with BCF of 40 ± 28, 33 ± 23, 18 ± 10 and 1.9 ± 1.4, respectively. Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sr and Pb were bio-excluded (BCF < 1 in caps and stipes). The "labile" Ag, Cd and Hg content of soil was below detection limit of the analytical method. Ba, Ca, Mn, Na and Sr were more eficiently bio-concentrated in stipes of Poison Pax, while Fe, Mg, Pb and Rb in caps, and Al, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Ni and Zn similarly in caps and stipes. Also Ag and Cd (and Hg) were more effectively bio-concentrated in caps than stipes. Al, Ba, Fe and Pb were bio-excluded by Poison Pax (BCF < 0.2) but were abundant minerals of soil and more or less abundant also in carpophores. Some intermetallic relationships (co-uptake and binding) are evident for Poison Pax. The amount of "labile" fraction of metallic elements contained in soil doesn't seem to explain the Poisson's Pax accumulation potential for these elements. Biological features of species, which are related to its ability to enable, enhance or reduce uptake of metallic elements by mycelium and further translocation and binding in carpophores but in parallel also translocation to symbiotic plant can be major forces impacting amounts accumulated in caps and stipes. Metallic elements concentrations determined in fruiting bodies seem to explain in the best way what is largely bioavailable from the substrate in situ to a given mushroom species.
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES），研究了 12 个来自波兰不同地区的蘑菇场样本中，银（Ag）、铝（Al）、钡（Ba）、钙（Ca）、镉（Cd）、钴（Co）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、汞（Hg）、钾（K）、镁（Mg）、锰（Mn）、钠（Na）、镍（Ni）、锶（Sr）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）在毒蘑菇（Paxillus involutus）真菌中的生物浓缩潜力。研究对象包括菌盖、菌柄和菌褶下 0-15 厘米的土壤。同时测定了土壤中“可提取的”（冷 20% HNO3 提取）和“假总”（冷、热 65% HNO3 提取）金属元素。K、Rb 和 Cu 在菌盖中被毒蘑菇有效富集，其 BCF 值分别为 1000 ± 520、740 ± 540 和 100 ± 79，而 Zn、Na、Mg 和 Ni 的 BCF 值分别为 40 ± 28、33 ± 23、18 ± 10 和 1.9 ± 1.4。Al、Ba、Co、Cr、Fe、Mn、Sr 和 Pb 则被生物排斥（BCF < 1）。土壤中“可提取的”Ag、Cd 和 Hg 含量低于分析方法的检测限。Ba、Ca、Mn、Na 和 Sr 在毒蘑菇菌柄中被更有效地生物浓缩，而 Fe、Mg、Pb 和 Rb 在菌盖中，Al、Co、Cr、Cu、K、Ni 和 Zn 在菌盖和菌柄中也被类似地生物浓缩。此外，Ag 和 Cd（以及 Hg）在菌盖中的生物浓缩程度高于菌柄。Al、Ba、Fe 和 Pb 被毒蘑菇排斥（BCF < 0.2），但它们是土壤中丰富的矿物质，在子实体中或多或少也很丰富。一些金属间的关系（共摄取和结合）在毒蘑菇中是明显的。土壤中“可提取的”金属元素含量似乎并不能解释毒蘑菇对这些元素的积累潜力。物种的生物学特征与菌丝体吸收、增强或减少金属元素的能力有关，进一步与子实体中的转运和结合有关，但也与共生植物中的转运有关，这可能是影响菌盖和菌柄中积累量的主要因素。在子实体中测定的金属元素浓度似乎可以最好地解释从特定蘑菇物种在原位的基质中获得的大量生物可利用物质。
