Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
J Safety Res. 2011 Feb;42(1):67-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.12.001. Epub 2011 Jan 5.
Many older drivers self-restrict or avoid driving under high-risk conditions. Little is known about the onset of driving self-restrictions or how widespread self-restrictions are among drivers of all ages.
The Second Injury Control and Risk Survey (ICARIS-2) was a nationwide cross-sectional, list-assisted random-digit-dial telephone survey from 2001 to 2003. National prevalence estimates and weighted percentages of those reporting driving self-restrictions were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations between specific self-restrictions and age group, adjusting for other personal characteristics.
More than half of all drivers reported at least one driving self-restriction. The most commonly reported restriction was avoidance of driving in bad weather (47.5%), followed by at night (27.9%) and on highways or high-speed roads (19%). A greater percentage of young adult women (18-24 years) reported self-restricting in bad weather compared to women in other age groups, and the percentage of drivers self-restricting at night, in bad weather, and on highways or high-speed roads increased steeply after age 64. We found that women, those in low income groups, and those who had driven low annual mileage were more likely to self-restrict.
In addition to assessing self-restrictions among older drivers, a new finding from our study is that self-restrictions are also quite prevalent among younger age groups. Driving self-restrictions may be better understood as a spectrum across ages in which drivers' reasons for restriction change.
Future research on the ability of driving self-restrictions to reduce actual crash risk and prevent injuries is needed.
许多老年司机在高风险条件下自我限制或避免驾驶。对于驾驶限制的开始时间以及所有年龄段的司机中自我限制的普遍性知之甚少。
第二次伤害控制和风险调查（ICARIS-2）是 2001 年至 2003 年期间进行的一项全国性横断面、名单辅助随机数字拨号电话调查。计算了报告有驾驶限制的人的全国流行率估计值和加权百分比。多变量逻辑回归用于探索特定自我限制与年龄组之间的关联，同时调整了其他个人特征。
超过一半的司机报告至少有一项驾驶限制。最常见的限制是避免在恶劣天气下驾驶（47.5%），其次是夜间（27.9%）和高速公路或高速路（19%）。与其他年龄组的女性相比，年轻成年女性（18-24 岁）报告在恶劣天气下自我限制的比例更高，而在 64 岁以后，夜间、恶劣天气和高速公路或高速路自我限制的司机比例急剧增加。我们发现，女性、低收入群体和每年驾驶里程较低的人更有可能自我限制。
除了评估老年司机的自我限制外，我们的研究还有一个新发现，即年轻年龄组的自我限制也相当普遍。驾驶自我限制可能被更好地理解为一个跨越年龄的范围，在这个范围内，司机限制的原因会发生变化。
需要对驾驶自我限制减少实际碰撞风险和预防伤害的能力进行未来研究。
