青少年女性饮食中天然和强化钙源的选择和流行情况。
The selection and prevalence of natural and fortified calcium food sources in the diets of adolescent girls.
机构信息
Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
出版信息
J Nutr Educ Behav. 2011 Mar-Apr;43(2):96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.02.016.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of calcium-fortified food and dairy food on selected nutrient intakes in the diets of adolescent girls.
DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial, secondary analysis.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Adolescent girls (n = 149) from a midwestern metropolitan area participated in randomized controlled trials of bone physiology from 1997 to 2008.
INTERVENTION
Subjects randomly assigned to a high-calcium (HC) diet supplying 1,500 mg calcium/d, or their usual diet (UC).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Dietary intake was assessed from 3-day food records and calcium intakes categorized by food source. Food group composites, representing calcium-fortified and dairy food categories, were examined for their relative nutrient contributions. Student t tests were used to evaluate differences in selected nutrient intakes between the 2 study groups.
RESULTS
Dairy food contributed 68% of the total mean 1,494 mg calcium/d in the HC group, and calcium-fortified food contributed 304 mg calcium. In the UC group, dairy food contributed 69% of the total mean 765 mg calcium/d and calcium-fortified food contributed 50 mg calcium. Nutrient profiles of the dairy composites differed significantly from the calcium-fortified composites (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Dairy food was the primary source of calcium selected by these adolescent girls; calcium-fortified food augmented calcium intakes.
目的
评估强化食品和乳制品对青少年女性饮食中某些营养素摄入量的影响。
设计
随机对照试验，二次分析。
地点和参与者
1997 年至 2008 年，来自中西部大都市区的青少年女性（n=149）参加了骨生理学的随机对照试验。
干预措施
受试者随机分配到高钙（HC）饮食组，每天摄入 1500 毫克钙，或其常规饮食（UC）组。
主要观察指标
通过 3 天的食物记录评估饮食摄入量，并根据食物来源对钙摄入量进行分类。检查了代表强化食品和乳制品类别的食物组复合材料，以评估其对营养素的相对贡献。采用 t 检验评估两组间特定营养素摄入量的差异。
结果
在 HC 组中，乳制品贡献了总平均 1494 毫克/天钙的 68%，强化食品贡献了 304 毫克钙。在 UC 组中，乳制品贡献了总平均 765 毫克/天钙的 69%，强化食品贡献了 50 毫克钙。乳制品复合材料的营养成分与强化食品复合材料的营养成分有显著差异（P<.05）。
结论和意义
乳制品是这些青少年女性选择的主要钙源；强化食品增加了钙的摄入量。
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