Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Inj Prev. 2011 Oct;17(5):304-8. doi: 10.1136/ip.2010.029744. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
To determine the prevalence of alcohol involvement and impairment in fatal crashes in the USA involving Mexican and Canadian drivers.
Drivers in fatal crashes in the USA were identified during 1998 to 2008 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, and the prevalence of alcohol involvement and impairment (defined as blood alcohol concentrations ≥0.01 g/dl and ≥0.08 g/dl, respectively) was compared among drivers licensed in Mexico (n=687), Canada (n=598), and the USA (n=561908).
The prevalence of alcohol involvement was 27% for US drivers, 27% for Mexican drivers, and 11% for Canadian drivers. Alcohol impairment was found in 23% of US drivers, 23% of Mexican drivers, and 8% of Canadian drivers. With adjustment for driver demographic characteristics and survival status and for crash circumstances, the prevalence of alcohol involvement was significantly lower for Canadian drivers (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.80) than for US drivers, and was similar between Mexican and US drivers (adjusted PR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.02).
Alcohol involvement in fatal motor vehicle crashes in the USA is similarly prevalent in US and Mexican drivers, but is substantially less common in Canadian drivers.
确定涉及美国墨西哥和加拿大籍司机的致命车祸中酒精摄入和损害的流行率。
1998 年至 2008 年期间，通过伤亡分析报告系统（Fatality Analysis Reporting System）确定了美国致命车祸中的驾驶员，并比较了在墨西哥（n=687）、加拿大（n=598）和美国（n=561908）持照的驾驶员中酒精摄入和损害（定义为血液酒精浓度分别≥0.01g/dl 和≥0.08g/dl）的流行率。
美国驾驶员酒精摄入的流行率为 27%，墨西哥驾驶员为 27%，加拿大驾驶员为 11%。美国驾驶员酒精损害的发生率为 23%，墨西哥驾驶员为 23%，加拿大驾驶员为 8%。调整驾驶员人口统计学特征和生存状态以及车祸情况后，加拿大驾驶员的酒精摄入流行率明显低于美国驾驶员（调整后的比值比（PR）0.63，95%置信区间 0.49 至 0.80），而与美国驾驶员相比，墨西哥驾驶员的酒精摄入流行率相似（调整后的 PR 0.91，95%置信区间 0.81 至 1.02）。
在美国致命机动车事故中，酒精摄入在美国和墨西哥驾驶员中同样普遍，但在加拿大驾驶员中则明显较少。
