Li G, Baker S P, Langlois J A, Kelen G D
Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-2080 USA.
Epidemiology. 1998 Jul;9(4):379-84.
Using the decomposition method and national data for the year 1990, we examined gender and age differences in involvement rates in fatal motor vehicle crashes. The fatal crash involvement rate per driver is expresses as a multiplicative function of the crash fatality rate (defined as the proportion of fatal crashes involved among all crashes involved), crash incidence density (that is, number of crashes per million person-miles), and exposure prevalence (that is, annual average miles driven per driver). The fatal crash involvement rate per 10,000 drivers for men was three times that for women (5.3 vs 1.7) and was highest among teenagers. Of the male-female discrepancy in the fatal crash involvement rates, 51% was attributed to the difference between sexes in crash fatality rates, 41% to the difference in exposure prevalence, and 8% to the difference in crash incidence density. Age-related variations in the fatal crash involvement rates resulted primarily from the differences in crash incidence density. The results indicate that, despite having lower fatal crash involvement rates, female drivers do not seem to be safer than their male counterparts when exposure is considered. The decomposition method is valuable as both a conceptual framework and an exploratory tool for understanding the contributing factors related to cause-specific injury mortality and the differences in death rates among populations.
利用分解法和1990年的全国数据，我们研究了致命机动车碰撞事故参与率的性别和年龄差异。每位驾驶员的致命碰撞事故参与率表示为碰撞死亡率（定义为所有涉及的碰撞事故中致命碰撞事故所占比例）、碰撞发生率密度（即每百万车英里的碰撞事故数量）和暴露患病率（即每位驾驶员每年平均行驶英里数）的乘积函数。每万名男性驾驶员的致命碰撞事故参与率是女性的三倍（5.3对1.7），且在青少年中最高。在致命碰撞事故参与率的男女差异中，51%归因于碰撞死亡率的性别差异，41%归因于暴露患病率的差异，8%归因于碰撞发生率密度的差异。致命碰撞事故参与率的年龄相关变化主要源于碰撞发生率密度的差异。结果表明，尽管女性驾驶员的致命碰撞事故参与率较低，但考虑到暴露因素时，她们似乎并不比男性驾驶员更安全。分解法作为一种概念框架和探索工具，对于理解与特定原因伤害死亡率相关的影响因素以及不同人群死亡率差异具有重要价值。
