College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
Ambio. 2011 Feb;40(1):78-87. doi: 10.1007/s13280-010-0093-5.
This article uses a case study in Southeast China to demonstrate how the substantial changes in rural livelihoods have been driven by a combination of "pull" forces from external economic development, and "push" forces from local areas, leading to a shift in rural household economic activities: household outmigration and de-population of the countryside, changes in energy consumption, and most importantly, changes in land uses and eventually, ecological restoration. Such dramatic changes are becoming common across the Chinese countryside. It is pointed out that economic development has generally caused a deterioration of the environment at least at the early period of economic growth, but the positive impacts, especially in some ecosystem in rural areas, have become more apparent.
本文以中国东南部的一个案例研究为例，展示了外部经济发展的“拉力”和当地的“推力”是如何共同推动农村生计发生实质性变化的，导致农村家庭经济活动发生转变：家庭外出务工和农村人口减少、能源消耗的变化，以及最重要的是土地利用的变化，最终实现生态恢复。这种戏剧性的变化在中国农村地区越来越普遍。文中指出，经济发展至少在经济增长的早期阶段通常会导致环境恶化，但积极影响，特别是在一些农村生态系统中，已经变得更加明显。
