中国职业健康现状。
The current status of occupational health in China.
机构信息
National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanwei Road 29th, Xuanwu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
出版信息
Environ Health Prev Med. 2010 Sep;15(5):263-70. doi: 10.1007/s12199-010-0145-2. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to summarize the major health problems among Chinese workers, the strategies and measures for occupational hazards control, the network and organizations of occupational health administration, and the achievements and current challenges of occupational health in China.
RESULTS
The situation of occupational health was found to be still serious in China. Enterprises with occupational hazards were widely distributed, the exposed population and cases of occupational diseases were numerous, and occupational risks were being transferred from the city to the countryside and from developed areas to developing ones. New emerging problems coexisted with traditional occupational hazards. Besides, a lack of occupational health services for migrant workers could be a major problem for a long time.
CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary to improve the fields related to occupational health, such as the supervision and administration of small- and medium-scale enterprises, research into key techniques for the prevention and control of occupational hazards, systems for the diagnosis and reporting of occupational diseases, and the training of health professionals.
目的
总结中国工人的主要健康问题、职业危害控制策略和措施、职业健康管理网络和组织，以及中国职业健康的成就和当前挑战。
结果
中国职业健康状况仍较为严峻。存在职业危害的企业分布广泛，接触人群和职业病病例众多，职业危害正从城市向农村、从发达地区向欠发达地区转移。新的、新兴的问题与传统职业危害并存。此外，农民工缺乏职业健康服务可能是一个长期存在的主要问题。
结论
有必要完善职业健康相关领域，如中小企业的监管和管理、职业危害防控关键技术研究、职业病诊断报告制度、卫生专业人员培训等。
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