Dipartimento di Epidemiologia, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(8):805-12. doi: 10.2174/138161211795428920.
Consumption of olive oil has been related to reduced risk of several diseases, including various neoplasms. In this paper, we reviewed epidemiological studies on olive oil and cancer published up to 2010. We performed a systematic literature search in the Medline database and, after assessment of relevant papers, we included 25 studies providing original data on olive oil consumption and cancer risk. We also performed a meta-analysis of studies of breast cancer, calculating the pooled relative risk (RR), and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), for high vs. low olive oil consumption. Several studies conducted in Southern Europe reported olive oil consumption as a favourable indicator of breast, digestive tract, and particularly upper aero-digestive tract cancers. For the latter, after adjustment for alcohol and tobacco use, the RRs between extreme levels of olive oil consumption were 0.3-0.4, and there was an over 5-fold difference in risk between subjects consuming mainly olive oil and those consuming mainly butter. The summary RR of breast cancer was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44-0.88) for the highest vs. lowest level of olive oil consumption. Thus, preferring olive oil to other added lipids, particularly those rich in saturated fats, can decrease the risk of upper digestive and respiratory tract neoplasms, breast and, possibly, colorectal and other cancer sites.
橄榄油的消费与多种疾病风险的降低有关，包括各种肿瘤。本文综述了截至 2010 年发表的关于橄榄油与癌症的流行病学研究。我们在 Medline 数据库中进行了系统的文献检索，在评估了相关文献后，纳入了 25 项提供橄榄油消费与癌症风险的原始数据的研究。我们还对乳腺癌的研究进行了荟萃分析，计算了高橄榄油消费与低橄榄油消费的合并相对风险（RR）和相应的 95%置信区间（CI）。几项在南欧进行的研究报告称，橄榄油消费是乳腺癌、消化道癌，特别是上呼吸道-消化道癌的有利指标。对于后者，在调整了酒精和烟草的使用后，橄榄油消费最高和最低水平之间的 RR 为 0.3-0.4，主要食用橄榄油和主要食用黄油的受试者之间的风险差异超过 5 倍。乳腺癌的汇总 RR 为最高 vs. 最低橄榄油消费水平为 0.62（95%CI，0.44-0.88）。因此，偏爱橄榄油而不是其他添加的脂质，特别是那些富含饱和脂肪的脂质，可以降低上消化道和呼吸道肿瘤、乳腺癌以及可能的结直肠癌和其他癌症部位的风险。
