Kindsmüller Kathrin, Wagner Ralf
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Hum Vaccin. 2011 Jun;7(6):658-62. doi: 10.4161/hv.7.6.14987. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
Conventional vaccine design strategies mainly focus on live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated microorganisms, and subunits thereof comprising purified components or recombinantly expressed proteins, mostly formulated with adjuvants. Although generally very efficient, these approaches are suboptimal or unfeasible for some infectious diseases. Over the past years new technologies to vaccine development have evolved, often utilizing design principles and construction technologies of synthetic biology. The contribution of synthetic biology to vaccine development comprises algorithms for accelerated in silico identification of relevant protein candidates, in silico design of novel immunogens with improved expression, safety and immunogenicity profiles as well as in silico design of (1) nucleic acid based, (2) vectored and (3) live-attenuated vaccines. Furthermore, synthetic biology enables economic and rapid chemical synthesis of DNA encoding the immunogens designed in silico, and their efficient assembly with delivery systems to obtain vectored vaccines. Altogether, synthetic biology can help to develop improved vaccine candidates in considerably less time compared to conventional approaches.
传统的疫苗设计策略主要集中在减毒活疫苗、灭活微生物及其亚单位，后者包括纯化成分或重组表达的蛋白质，大多与佐剂一起配制。尽管这些方法通常非常有效，但对于某些传染病而言，它们并非最佳选择或不可行。在过去几年中，疫苗开发的新技术不断涌现，这些技术常常利用合成生物学的设计原理和构建技术。合成生物学对疫苗开发的贡献包括用于在计算机上加速鉴定相关蛋白质候选物的算法、具有改善的表达、安全性和免疫原性特征的新型免疫原的计算机设计，以及（1）基于核酸的、（2）载体的和（3）减毒活疫苗的计算机设计。此外，合成生物学能够对在计算机上设计的编码免疫原的DNA进行经济快速的化学合成，并将其与递送系统有效组装以获得载体疫苗。总体而言，与传统方法相比，合成生物学能够在更短的时间内帮助开发出改进的候选疫苗。
