Jain Aastha, Bhatia Pooja, Chugh Archana
Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016 India.
Syst Synth Biol. 2012 Jun;6(1-2):9-22. doi: 10.1007/s11693-012-9092-0. Epub 2012 Jun 2.
The emerging field of synthetic biology holds tremendous potential for developing novel drugs to treat various human conditions. The current study discusses the scope of synthetic biology for human therapeutics via microbial approach. In this context, synthetic biology aims at designing, engineering and building new microbial synthetic cells that do not pre-exist in nature as well as re-engineer existing microbes for synthesis of therapeutic products. It is expected that the construction of novel microbial genetic circuitry for human therapeutics will greatly benefit from the data generated by 'omics' approaches and multidisciplinary nature of synthetic biology. Development of novel antimicrobial drugs and vaccines by engineering microbial systems are a promising area of research in the field of synthetic biology for human theragnostics. Expression of plant based medicinal compounds in the microbial system using synthetic biology tools is another avenue dealt in the present study. Additionally, the study suggest that the traditional medicinal knowledge can do value addition for developing novel drugs in the microbial systems using synthetic biology tools. The presented work envisions the success of synthetic biology for human therapeutics via microbial approach in a holistic manner. Keeping this in view, various legal and socio-ethical concerns emerging from the use of synthetic biology via microbial approach such as patenting, biosafety and biosecurity issues have been touched upon in the later sections.
合成生物学这一新兴领域在开发治疗各种人类疾病的新型药物方面具有巨大潜力。当前的研究讨论了通过微生物方法将合成生物学应用于人类治疗的范围。在这种背景下,合成生物学旨在设计、改造和构建自然界中不存在的新型微生物合成细胞,并对现有微生物进行重新改造以合成治疗产品。预计用于人类治疗的新型微生物基因电路的构建将极大地受益于 “组学” 方法产生的数据以及合成生物学的多学科性质。通过改造微生物系统开发新型抗菌药物和疫苗是合成生物学在人类治疗诊断领域一个很有前景的研究方向。利用合成生物学工具在微生物系统中表达植物源药用化合物是本研究涉及的另一个途径。此外,该研究表明,传统医学知识可为利用合成生物学工具在微生物系统中开发新型药物增添价值。所展示的工作从整体上展望了通过微生物方法将合成生物学应用于人类治疗的成功前景。鉴于此,后续部分探讨了通过微生物方法使用合成生物学引发的各种法律和社会伦理问题,如专利、生物安全和生物安保问题。