North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, IL 62404, USA.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 May 4;103(9):714-36. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr077. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report highlights brain and other nervous system (ONS) tumors, including nonmalignant brain tumors, which became reportable on a national level in 2004.
Cancer incidence data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, CDC, and NAACCR, and information on deaths was obtained from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized incidence and death rates (2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers for men and for women were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term (1992-2007 for incidence; 1975-2007 for mortality) trends and short-term fixed interval (1998-2007) trends. Analyses of malignant neuroepithelial brain and ONS tumors were based on data from 1980-2007; data on nonmalignant tumors were available for 2004-2007. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Overall cancer incidence rates decreased by approximately 1% per year; the decrease was statistically significant (P < .05) in women, but not in men, because of a recent increase in prostate cancer incidence. The death rates continued to decrease for both sexes. Childhood cancer incidence rates continued to increase, whereas death rates continued to decrease. Lung cancer death rates decreased in women for the first time during 2003-2007, more than a decade after decreasing in men. During 2004-2007, more than 213 500 primary brain and ONS tumors were diagnosed, and 35.8% were malignant. From 1987-2007, the incidence of neuroepithelial malignant brain and ONS tumors decreased by 0.4% per year in men and women combined.
The decrease in cancer incidence and mortality reflects progress in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. However, major challenges remain, including increasing incidence rates and continued low survival for some cancers. Malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors demonstrate differing patterns of occurrence by sex, age, and race, and exhibit considerable biologic diversity. Inclusion of nonmalignant brain tumors in cancer registries provides a fuller assessment of disease burden and medical resource needs associated with these unique tumors.
美国癌症协会、疾病预防控制中心（CDC）、国家癌症研究所和北美癌症登记协会（NAACCR）每年合作提供美国癌症发病和趋势的最新信息。本年度报告重点介绍脑和其他神经系统（ONS）肿瘤，包括 2004 年开始在全国范围内报告的非恶性脑肿瘤。
癌症发病率数据来自国家癌症研究所、疾病预防控制中心和北美癌症登记协会，死亡率信息来自疾病预防控制中心国家卫生统计中心。通过对长期（1992-2007 年发病；1975-2007 年死亡）趋势和短期固定间隔（1998-2007 年）趋势的联合分析，估计了所有癌症和男性及女性中排名前 15 位的癌症的年龄标准化发病率和死亡率的年度百分比变化（2000 年美国人口标准）。恶性神经上皮脑和 ONS 肿瘤的分析基于 1980-2007 年的数据；非恶性肿瘤的数据可用于 2004-2007 年。所有统计检验均为双侧检验。
总体癌症发病率每年下降约 1%；女性发病率的下降具有统计学意义（P<0.05），而男性则没有，因为最近前列腺癌的发病率有所上升。男女死亡率继续下降。儿童癌症发病率继续上升，而死亡率继续下降。2003-2007 年期间，女性肺癌死亡率首次下降，比男性下降晚了十多年。2004-2007 年期间，诊断出超过 213500 例原发性脑和 ONS 肿瘤，其中 35.8%为恶性肿瘤。1987-2007 年期间，男女恶性和非恶性脑和 ONS 肿瘤的发病率每年下降 0.4%。
癌症发病率和死亡率的下降反映了癌症预防、早期发现和治疗的进展。然而，仍存在重大挑战，包括某些癌症的发病率上升和生存率仍然较低。恶性和非恶性脑肿瘤在性别、年龄和种族方面的发病模式不同，表现出相当大的生物学多样性。将非恶性脑肿瘤纳入癌症登记处可以更全面地评估与这些独特肿瘤相关的疾病负担和医疗资源需求。
