Büchner S A
Dermatologische Universitätsklinik Basel.
Ther Umsch. 1990 Aug;47(8):670-4.
The most common disease of the pilosebaceous follicle is acne vulgaris. The primary detectable pathologic defect in acne is abnormal keratinization of the follicular epithelium, resulting in a retention hyperkeratosis. The primary lesion produced by this process, the comedo, ist the precursor of most other acne lesions. These include inflammatory papules, pustules and nodules. Treatment principles are directed against known pathogenic factors. The major topical modalities that are currently being used include tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide and topical antibiotics. Benzoyl peroxide is a powerful antibacterial agent. Topical erythromycin and clindamycin appear to have equivalent efficacy. A major treatment advance has been heralded by the use of oral 13-cis retinoic acid (isotretinoin) in the management of patients with severe nodulocystic acne, acne conglobata and acne fulminans. Isotretinoin is teratogenic and should not be given to women of childbearing age.
毛囊皮脂腺最常见的疾病是寻常痤疮。痤疮可检测到的主要病理缺陷是毛囊上皮异常角化，导致潴留性角化过度。这一过程产生的主要损害——粉刺，是大多数其他痤疮损害的前身。这些损害包括炎性丘疹、脓疱和结节。治疗原则针对已知的致病因素。目前使用的主要局部治疗方法包括维甲酸、过氧化苯甲酰和外用抗生素。过氧化苯甲酰是一种强效抗菌剂。外用红霉素和克林霉素似乎有同等疗效。口服13 - 顺维甲酸（异维甲酸）用于治疗重度结节囊肿性痤疮、聚合性痤疮和暴发性痤疮，这是治疗上的一项重大进展。异维甲酸有致畸性，不应给予育龄妇女。
