Ward Paul, Suss Joel, Eccles David W, Williams A Mark, Harris Kevin R
Department of Cognitive and Learning Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA.
Cogn Process. 2011 Aug;12(3):289-300. doi: 10.1007/s10339-011-0397-9. Epub 2011 Apr 2.
In recent models of decision-making, cognitive scientists have examined the relationship between option generation and successful performance. These models suggest that those who are successful at decision-making generate few courses of action and typically choose the first, often best, option. Scientists working in the area of expert performance, on the other hand, have demonstrated that the ability to generate and prioritize task-relevant options during situation assessment is associated with successful performance. In the current study, we measured law enforcement officers' performance and thinking in a simulated task environment to examine the option generation strategies used during decision-making in a complex domain. The number of options generated during assessment (i.e., making decisions about events in the environment) and intervention (i.e., making decisions about personal courses of action) phases of decision-making interact to produce a successful outcome. The data are explained with respect to the development of a situational representation and long-term working memory skills capable of supporting both option generation processes.
在最近的决策模型中，认知科学家研究了选项生成与成功表现之间的关系。这些模型表明，那些在决策方面成功的人会产生较少的行动方案，并且通常会选择第一个，往往也是最好的选项。另一方面，从事专家表现领域研究的科学家已经证明，在情况评估过程中生成与任务相关的选项并对其进行优先级排序的能力与成功表现相关。在当前的研究中，我们在模拟任务环境中测量了执法人员的表现和思维，以检验在复杂领域决策过程中所使用的选项生成策略。在决策的评估阶段（即对环境中的事件做出决策）和干预阶段（即对个人行动方案做出决策）所生成的选项数量相互作用，从而产生成功的结果。我们根据能够支持选项生成过程的情境表征和长期工作记忆技能的发展来解释这些数据。
