Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde, Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Mar-Apr;44(2):140-5. doi: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000011. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
Bats are one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of the rabies virus in the world.
From 1988 to 2003, the Zoonosis Control Center in São Paulo City performed rabies diagnosis on 5,670 bats by direct immunofluorescent test and mouse inoculation test. Blood samples were collected from 1,618 bats and the sera were analyzed using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to confirm rabies antibodies.
Forty-four (0.8%) bats were positive for rabies. The prevalence of rabies antibodies was 5.9% using 0.5IU/ml as a cutoff. Insectivorous bats (69.8%) and bats of the species Molossus molossus (51.8%) constituted the majority of the sample; however, the highest prevalence of antibodies were observed in Glossophaga soricina (14/133), Histiotus velatus (16/60), Desmodus rotundus (8/66), Artibeus lituratus (5/54), Nyctinomops macrotis (3/23), Tadarida brasiliensis (3/48), Carollia perspicillata (3/9), Eumops auripendulus (2/30), Nyctinomops laticaudatus (2/16), Sturnira lilium (2/17) and Eumops perotis (1/13). The prevalence of rabies antibodies was analyzed by species, food preference and sex.
The expressive levels of antibodies associated with the low virus positivity verified in these bats indicate that rabies virus circulates actively among them.
蝙蝠是世界上最重要的狂犬病病毒储存宿主和传播媒介之一。
1988 年至 2003 年，圣保罗市的动物传染病控制中心对 5670 只蝙蝠进行了狂犬病诊断，采用直接免疫荧光试验和小鼠接种试验。从 1618 只蝙蝠中采集血液样本，并使用快速荧光灶抑制试验对血清进行分析，以确认狂犬病抗体。
44 只（0.8%）蝙蝠呈狂犬病阳性。使用 0.5IU/ml 作为截断值，狂犬病抗体的阳性率为 5.9%。食虫蝙蝠（69.8%）和毛头蝠（51.8%）构成了样本的大部分；然而，在吸血蝠（Glossophaga soricina，14/133）、绒鼠耳蝠（Histiotus velatus，16/60）、吸血蝠（Desmodus rotundus，8/66）、阔鼻驯蝠（Artibeus lituratus，5/54）、中澳白蝠（Nyctinomops macrotis，3/23）、大棕蝠（Tadarida brasiliensis，3/48）、马铁菊头蝠（Carollia perspicillata，3/9）、白翅吸血蝠（Eumops auripendulus，2/30）、白腹管鼻蝠（Nyctinomops laticaudatus，2/16）、白胸阔嘴蝠（Sturnira lilium，2/17）和美洲吸血蝠（Eumops perotis，1/13）中观察到的抗体阳性率最高。根据物种、食物偏好和性别分析了狂犬病抗体的阳性率。
这些蝙蝠中低病毒阳性率与高抗体表达水平表明狂犬病病毒在它们之间活跃传播。
