Sita Alexandre, Birlem Gabriela E, da Silva Deivid S, Mallmann Larissa, Demoliner Meriane, da Silva Mariana S, Gularte Juliana S, Pereira Vyctoria M A G, de Almeida Paula R, Hansen Alana W, Witt André A, Fleck Juliane D, Spilki Fernando R, da Rocha Daniela T, Weber Matheus N
Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil.
Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
J Mol Evol. 2025 Aug 27. doi: 10.1007/s00239-025-10264-6.
Bats are considered a unique group of mammals and are recognized as natural hosts for a variety of emerging viral agents of One Health importance. In Brazil, nine bat families are described, of which the family Phyllostomidae contains the highest number of cataloged species. Within them, the Pallas's long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina) is one of the most widely distributed species in South America. G. soricina are specialized in the use of nectar and pollen as food and therefore are extremely important in the dynamics of ecosystems. In this way, the present study aimed to evaluate the presence of viruses from the families Coronaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae in G. soricina bats. Samples of oral and rectal swabs from 40 bats in four bat colonies were collected in Southern Brazil. Four samples tested positive for coronavirus by PCR. Following DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, they were classified into the Amalacovirus subgenus, within the alphacoronavirus (α-CoV) genus. In addition, it was possible to observe two distinct strains within the same bat colony. The results obtained reinforce that phyllostomids are the main reservoirs of amalacoviruses. Eco-vigilance in bats with close access to urban environments is essential for monitoring possible future spillover events.
蝙蝠被认为是一类独特的哺乳动物，被公认为是多种对“同一健康”具有重要意义的新兴病毒病原体的天然宿主。在巴西，已描述了9个蝙蝠科，其中叶口蝠科拥有已编目物种数量最多。在这些蝙蝠中，帕拉斯长舌蝠（Glossophaga soricina）是南美洲分布最广的物种之一。帕拉斯长舌蝠专门以花蜜和花粉为食，因此在生态系统动态中极为重要。通过这种方式，本研究旨在评估叶口蝠科蝙蝠中冠状病毒科、副粘病毒科、正粘病毒科、呼肠孤病毒科和弹状病毒科病毒的存在情况。在巴西南部采集了来自四个蝙蝠群落中40只蝙蝠的口腔和直肠拭子样本。4个样本经聚合酶链反应检测呈冠状病毒阳性。经过DNA测序和系统发育分析，它们被归类为甲型冠状病毒属内的马拉科病毒亚属。此外，在同一个蝙蝠群落中观察到了两种不同的毒株。所获得的结果进一步证明叶口蝠是马拉科病毒的主要宿主。对与城市环境密切接触的蝙蝠进行生态监测对于监测未来可能的溢出事件至关重要。
